Identifying Scalable and Culturally Relevant Strategies for Recruitment of African Americans with Cognitive Impairment into Dementia Research

摘要 非裔美国人患阿尔茨海默病的可能性是白人的两倍，但他们的代表性不足 在痴呆症研究中。非裔美国人的低参与率阻碍了对 这一人群中的痴呆症机制，进一步扩大了健康差距。到目前为止，与信仰的伙伴关系- 组织是招募非裔美国人参与痴呆症研究的最常见策略。 然而，据估计，只有一半的非洲裔美国人经常参加宗教服务，这限制了他们的宗教信仰。 这一战略的有效性。因此，迫切需要开发更多具有文化相关性和 招募认知障碍的非裔美国人参与痴呆症研究的可扩展策略。到 制定这样的战略，我们将利用研究团队的专业知识，招募老年人谁是 在研究中的代表性不足。因为有认知障碍的老年人可能会对 对于陌生人来说，确定值得信赖的社区组织（CBO）也是至关重要的。 因此，本研究的目的是探讨如何与全国范围内的社区组织可以作为一种文化 相关的和可扩展的方法，以促进招聘非洲裔美国人与认知障碍。在 为了确定这些伙伴关系，我们将采用定性分析方法。我们将采访非洲人 有认知障碍的美国人，护理人员和选定的具有全国影响力的CBO的管理人员 （总n=100）。访谈和焦点小组将被录音，转录，并使用内容分析 分析.我们将包括两个网站，我们已经建立了合作伙伴关系，并有很高的 非裔美国人的代表性（≥ 25%）：奥克兰，加利福尼亚州和底特律，密歇根州。访谈和焦点小组将 在两个时间点进行：时间点1将用于收集初始数据。我们将回到同样的参与者 在时间点2，获得关于具体指导方针的反馈意见，以帮助非洲人征聘战略标准化 全国范围内有认知障碍的美国人。本研究有三个具体目的：（1）识别 障碍和促进者招募非裔美国人与认知障碍的研究使用社区组织， （2）研究与社区组织的信任和文化相关性有关的因素，以促进招聘， （3）审查与具有全国影响力的社区组织建立伙伴关系的障碍和促进因素， 方便招聘。拟议的项目将解决增加非洲人参与的需要， 有认知障碍的美国人。作为该项目的一部分开发的方法可以是 应用于未来招募有认知障碍的非裔美国人的研究。这些方法也可 用于确定招募其他有认知障碍的少数民族/种族的策略和指导方针， 以及其他弱势群体进行研究。这项研究的结果将为更大的R 01奠定基础 最后确定国家标准化战略指导方针并测试其有效性的研究， CBO将招募有认知障碍的非裔美国人参与痴呆症研究。

ABSTRACT African Americans are twice as likely to have Alzheimer’s disease than Whites, yet they are underrepresented in dementia research. The low rate of participation among African Americans hinders the understanding of the mechanisms of dementia in this population, further widening health disparities. To date, partnerships with faith- based organizations are the most common strategy used to recruit African Americans into dementia research. However, estimates suggest that only half of African Americans regularly attend religious services, which limits the effectiveness of this strategy. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop additional culturally relevant and scalable strategies for recruiting African Americans with cognitive impairment into dementia research. To develop such strategies, we will leverage the expertise of the research team in recruiting older adults who are underrepresented in research studies. Because older adults with cognitive impairment are likely to be wary of strangers, identifying trusted community-based organizations (CBOs) who are also culturally relevant is critical. Therefore, the goal of this study is to examine how CBOs with national reach could be used as a culturally relevant and scalable approach to facilitate recruitment of African Americans with cognitive impairment. In order to identify these partnerships, we will use qualitative methods of analysis. We will interview African Americans with cognitive impairment, caregivers, and administrators of selected CBOs with national reach (total n=100). Interviews and focus groups will be audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using content analysis. We will include two sites with whom we have established partnerships and have a high representation (≥ 25%) of African Americans: Oakland, CA and Detroit, MI. Interviews and focus groups will occur at two time points: Timepoint 1 will be used to collect initial data. We will return to the same participants in Timepoint 2 to obtain feedback on specific guidelines to help standardize recruitment strategies for African Americans with cognitive impairment nationwide. The proposed research has three specific aims: (1) to identify barriers and facilitators to recruit African Americans with cognitive impairment into research using CBOs with national reach; (2) to examine factors related to trust and cultural relevance of CBOs to facilitate recruitment, and; (3) to examine barriers and facilitators of developing partnerships with CBOs with national reach to facilitate recruitment. The proposed project will address the need to increase the participation of African Americans with cognitive impairment into research. The methods developed as part of this project can be applied to future studies recruiting African Americans with cognitive impairment. These methods can also be used to identify strategies and guidelines to recruit other ethnic/racial minorities with cognitive impairment as well as other vulnerable groups into research. Findings of this study will create the foundation for a larger R01 study to finalize and test the effectiveness of national guidelines for standardized strategies with selected CBOs to recruit African Americans with cognitive impairment into dementia research.