Influences of the Efferent System on Human Auditory Function

传出系统对人类听觉功能的影响

• 批准号: 9895734
• 负责人: Skyler G. Jennings
• 金额: $ 18.61万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-04-01 至 2023-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9895734
• 关键词: Acoustics; Action Potentials; Adult; Aging; Algorithms; Area; Auditory; Auditory Perception; Auditory system; Behavioral Research; Biomedical Research; Cochlea; Cochlear Hearing Loss; Code; Communication; Computer Models; Data; Detection; Development; Development Plans; Diagnostic Procedure; Discrimination; Disease; Ear; Electrophysiology (science); Elements; Environment; Family; Friends; Functional disorder; Funding; Goals; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Human; Impairment; Individual; Ipsilateral; Knowledge; Laboratory Animals; Lead; Link; Measures; Medial; Mentors; Methods; Mission; Modeling; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; Noise; Pathway interactions; Perception; Performance; Physiological; Principal Investigator; Procedures; Process; Productivity; Public Health; Quality of life; Reflex action; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Research Methodology; Research Personnel; Research Support; Research Training; Role; Senior Scientist; Signal Transduction; Speech; Speech Discrimination; Speech Perception; Structure; System; Techniques; Training; Translating; Voice; base; career; career development; contrast enhanced; design; hearing impairment; human subject; improved; innovation; models and simulation; neurophysiology; normal hearing; novel; novel diagnostics; prevent; programs; public health relevance; rehabilitation strategy; relating to nervous system; response; signal processing; skills; sound; speech in noise

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although current hearing devices improve listening in quiet environments, they do little to improve speech understanding in noisy backgrounds. The long-term goal of this research program is to fully understand the relationship between auditory perception and physiological mechanisms responsible for adapting to the local soundscape. The objective of this particular application is to understand the role of the medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex in the perception of fluctuating sounds and on speech-in-noise performance in normal hearing and hearing impaired listeners using perceptual, electrophysiological, and auditory modeling techniques. The central hypothesis of the proposed research is that cochlear hearing loss limits the ability of the MOC reflex to regulate cochlear gain, thus preventing the putative perceptual and neural benefits associated with the reflex. The rationale of the proposed research is that a detailed description of the influence of the MOC reflex on human auditory function has the potential to translate to a better understanding of why hearing devices provide little benefit to improving speech-in-noise performance in hearing impaired adults. This detailed description will be obtained by completing the following specific aims: 1) Determine the role of the MOC reflex in the detection of temporal fluctuations and the identification of speech syllables in noise; 2) Determine the effect of eliciting the ipsilateral MOC reflex on the compound action potential (CAP) in human subjects with and without cochlear hearing loss; and 3) Simulate the influence of the MOC reflex on auditory function in listeners with and without cochlear hearing loss. This approach is innovative because it links empirical findings from normal and impaired perception and electrophysiology to a quantitative theoretical framework using a computational auditory model. The proposed research is significant because it is expected to lead to 1) a clear understanding of the role of the MOC reflex in humans with normal and impaired auditory systems, 2) effective procedures for evaluating the influence of the MOC reflex on auditory function, 3) novel MOC-inspired signal processing algorithms for hearing devices, and 4) a better quality of life for hearing impaired individuals by providing improved communication with family, friends, and co-workers. To achieve the research objectives of this application, the principal investigator (PI) has designed a career development plan to acquire expertise in speech perception and electrophysiological methods, and deepen expertise in computational auditory modeling. Training in these areas will be obtained by frequent communication and planned mentoring activities with senior scientists in the PI's mentoring/advising team. This training will provide the PI with the skills needed to become an independent investigator, and prepare for a career of research productivity.

 描述（由申请人提供）：尽管目前的听力设备改善了安静环境中的听力，但它们对改善嘈杂背景中的言语理解几乎没有作用。这项研究计划的长期目标是充分了解听觉感知和负责适应当地声景的生理机制之间的关系。该特定应用的目的是使用感知、电生理和听觉建模技术来理解内侧橄榄耳蜗（MOC）反射在感知波动声音和在正常听力和听力受损的听众中的噪声中的语音性能中的作用。拟议研究的中心假设是耳蜗听力损失限制了MOC反射调节耳蜗增益的能力，从而阻止了与反射相关的假定感知和神经益处。拟议研究的基本原理是，详细描述MOC反射对人类听觉功能的影响有可能转化为更好地理解为什么听力设备对改善听力受损成年人的噪声中言语性能几乎没有好处。本详细描述将通过完成以下具体目标来获得：1）确定MOC反射在检测时间波动和识别噪声中的语音音节中的作用; 2）确定引发同侧MOC反射对复合物的影响。 动作电位（CAP）在人类受试者与无耳蜗听力损失;和3）模拟MOC反射对听力功能的影响，在听众与无耳蜗听力损失。这种方法是创新的，因为它连接正常和受损的感知和电生理的定量理论框架，使用计算听觉模型的实证研究结果。该研究具有重要意义，因为它有望导致1）对MOC反射在具有正常和受损听觉系统的人类中的作用的清晰理解，2）用于评估MOC反射对听觉功能的影响的有效程序，3）用于听力设备的新颖MOC启发的信号处理算法，以及4）通过提供与家人、朋友和同事的改善的沟通，为听力受损的个人提供更好的生活质量。为了实现本申请的研究目标，主要研究者（PI）设计了一个职业发展计划，以获得语音感知和电生理方法的专业知识，并加深计算听觉建模的专业知识。将通过与PI指导/建议团队中的资深科学家进行频繁沟通和计划的指导活动，获得这些领域的培训。该培训将为PI提供成为独立研究者所需的技能，并为研究生产力的职业生涯做好准备。