Influences of the Efferent System on Human Auditory Function

传出系统对人类听觉功能的影响

• 批准号: 9895734
• 负责人: Skyler G. Jennings
• 金额: $ 18.61万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-04-01 至 2023-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9895734
• 关键词: Acoustics; Action Potentials; Adult; Aging; Algorithms; Area; Auditory; Auditory Perception; Auditory system; Behavioral Research; Biomedical Research; Cochlea; Cochlear Hearing Loss; Code; Communication; Computer Models; Data; Detection; Development; Development Plans; Diagnostic Procedure; Discrimination; Disease; Ear; Electrophysiology (science); Elements; Environment; Family; Friends; Functional disorder; Funding; Goals; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Human; Impairment; Individual; Ipsilateral; Knowledge; Laboratory Animals; Lead; Link; Measures; Medial; Mentors; Methods; Mission; Modeling; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; Noise; Pathway interactions; Perception; Performance; Physiological; Principal Investigator; Procedures; Process; Productivity; Public Health; Quality of life; Reflex action; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Research Methodology; Research Personnel; Research Support; Research Training; Role; Senior Scientist; Signal Transduction; Speech; Speech Discrimination; Speech Perception; Structure; System; Techniques; Training; Translating; Voice; base; career; career development; contrast enhanced; design; hearing impairment; human subject; improved; innovation; models and simulation; neurophysiology; normal hearing; novel; novel diagnostics; prevent; programs; public health relevance; rehabilitation strategy; relating to nervous system; response; signal processing; skills; sound; speech in noise

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although current hearing devices improve listening in quiet environments, they do little to improve speech understanding in noisy backgrounds. The long-term goal of this research program is to fully understand the relationship between auditory perception and physiological mechanisms responsible for adapting to the local soundscape. The objective of this particular application is to understand the role of the medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex in the perception of fluctuating sounds and on speech-in-noise performance in normal hearing and hearing impaired listeners using perceptual, electrophysiological, and auditory modeling techniques. The central hypothesis of the proposed research is that cochlear hearing loss limits the ability of the MOC reflex to regulate cochlear gain, thus preventing the putative perceptual and neural benefits associated with the reflex. The rationale of the proposed research is that a detailed description of the influence of the MOC reflex on human auditory function has the potential to translate to a better understanding of why hearing devices provide little benefit to improving speech-in-noise performance in hearing impaired adults. This detailed description will be obtained by completing the following specific aims: 1) Determine the role of the MOC reflex in the detection of temporal fluctuations and the identification of speech syllables in noise; 2) Determine the effect of eliciting the ipsilateral MOC reflex on the compound action potential (CAP) in human subjects with and without cochlear hearing loss; and 3) Simulate the influence of the MOC reflex on auditory function in listeners with and without cochlear hearing loss. This approach is innovative because it links empirical findings from normal and impaired perception and electrophysiology to a quantitative theoretical framework using a computational auditory model. The proposed research is significant because it is expected to lead to 1) a clear understanding of the role of the MOC reflex in humans with normal and impaired auditory systems, 2) effective procedures for evaluating the influence of the MOC reflex on auditory function, 3) novel MOC-inspired signal processing algorithms for hearing devices, and 4) a better quality of life for hearing impaired individuals by providing improved communication with family, friends, and co-workers. To achieve the research objectives of this application, the principal investigator (PI) has designed a career development plan to acquire expertise in speech perception and electrophysiological methods, and deepen expertise in computational auditory modeling. Training in these areas will be obtained by frequent communication and planned mentoring activities with senior scientists in the PI's mentoring/advising team. This training will provide the PI with the skills needed to become an independent investigator, and prepare for a career of research productivity.

 描述（由应用程序提供）：尽管当前的听力设备在安静的环境中改善了聆听，但它们在噪音背景中的语音理解方面无济于事。该研究计划的长期目标是充分了解听觉感知与负责适应本地音景的物理机制之间的关系。该特定应用的目的是了解内侧橄榄石（MOC）反射在感知波动声音以及使用感知，电生理学和听觉建模技术的正常听力和听力障碍者中的语音性能中的作用。拟议研究的中心假设是，耳蜗听力损失限制了MOC反射调节人工耳蜗增益的能力，从而阻止了与反射相关的假定感知和神经益处。拟议的研究的理由是，对MOC反射对人类听觉功能的影响的详细描述有潜力可以更好地理解为什么听力设备为改善听力障碍成年人的语音表现几乎没有好处。该详细描述将通过完成以下特定目的来获得：1）确定MOC反射在检测临时波动中的作用以及在噪声中识别语音syltable的作用； 2）确定引起同侧MOC反射对化合物的影响 有或没有人工耳蜗听力损失的人类受试者的动作潜力（CAP）； 3）模拟MOC反射对听觉函数的影响在有和没有耳蜗听力损失的听众中。这种方法具有创新性，因为它将经验发现从正常和受损的感知和电生理学连接到使用计算听觉模型的定量理论框架。拟议的研究之所以重要，是因为预计将导致1）对MOC反射在具有正常和受损系统的人类中的作用有清晰的了解，2）2）评估MOC反射对听觉功能的影响的有效程序，3）新型MOC启发的信号处理算法，可为听力的人提供更好的生活，并与人交流，并提供更好的生活，以及4）与知名度的人交流，并与之交流，并熟练地沟通了熟练的人。为了实现该应用程序的研究目标，首席研究员（PI）设计了一项职业发展计划，以获取语音感知和电生理方法的专业知识，并加深了计算听觉建模方面的专业知识。这些领域的培训将通过与PI的心理/建议团队中的高级科学家进行频繁沟通和计划的心理活动来获得。该培训将为PI提供成为独立研究者所需的技能，并为研究生产力做准备。