Trends in couples' work patterns after childbirth

产后夫妻工作模式的趋势

• 批准号: 9768501
• 负责人: KELLY MUSICK
• 金额: $ 31.33万
• 依托单位: CORNELL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-22 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9768501
• 关键词: Address; American; Attention; Birth; Calendar; Characteristics; Child; Childbirth; Communities; Couples; Crystallization; Data; Data Set; Data Sources; Databases; Development; Disadvantaged; Divorce; Economics; Employment; Enrollment; Family; Family Policy; Family dynamics; Family health status; Fathers; Financial Contribution; First Births; Foundations; Future; Gender; Gold; Health; Heterosexuals; Husband; Income; Inequality; Knowledge; Learning; Life; Link; Literature; Marriage; Mediation; Methodology; Mothers; Outcome; Parental Leave; Parents; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Play; Policies; Privatization; Process; Research; Resources; Role; Running; Sampling; Science; Sex Differentiation; Shoulder; Spouses; Surveys; Time; Unmarried; Unmarried Mother; Weight; Wife; Woman; Women' s Role; Work; cohort; data integration; experience; health economics; innovation; labor force participation; longitudinal database; men; middle childhood; nonmarital childbearing; population survey; social inequality; socioeconomics; syntax; trend; virtual

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT We propose to examine trends in couples’ work and earnings in the years following childbirth and the implications of these couple-level processes for changes in aggregate inequality over time. We will address critical gaps in the literature regarding how couples sort into marriage and how they negotiate roles within marriage. Consistent with a shift away from sex-differentiated specialization in marriage, socioeconomic characteristics predicting marriage have grown more similar for men and women over time, as have the earnings of husbands and wives within marriage. Yet once married, and particularly after the birth of a child, wives take on greater domestic responsibilities and husbands take on a greater share of market work; these adjustments result in widening earnings differentials between spouses. There has been very little work on how couple-level adjustments have changed over time, how they differ for couples with high and low earnings, or what their implications might be for (a) trends in the economic resemblance of spouses or (b) trends in social inequality more broadly. Understanding the processes that generate inequality is critical given its strong links to poorer health and well-being. We will use four decades of successive, short-run panels from the Current Population Survey (CPS) to assess changes in husbands’ and wives’ work and earnings following a first birth. We rely on newly available identifiers from 1976-2015 to link couples longitudinally across the full 16 months of their CPS participation, resulting in 480 overlapping panels for hundreds of thousands of couples. These data are the largest and longest running longitudinal data source in the U.S. and are virtually untapped for research on family dynamics and change. We will address five specific aims: AIM 1) Develop and make syntax publicly available to produce a couple-level, longitudinal CPS database and weights from 1976-2015; AIM 2) Examine trends in the within-couple division of market work following childbirth; AIM 3) Examine how within-couple trends in the division of market work following childbirth vary by his and her prior earnings; AIM 4) Link couple- level changes in work and earnings to aggregate inequality, decomposing change in earnings inequality among couples into changes in the economic resemblance of partners before and after childbirth; AIM 5) Assess the implications of increases in divorce and nonmarital childbearing for our study results, examining trends in unmarried mothers’ employment and earnings and their contributions to aggregate inequality.The research team has extensive expertise in studying U.S. family change and unparalleled experience in data integration, record linkage, and the CPS. This project offers great potential to inform science on the within-family levers that contribute to between-family divergence in economic well-being. What we learn will be directly relevant for understanding past, current, and future patterns in the health of Americans. Policy initiatives on marriage and parental leave will benefit from our findings on how parents arrange work and family demands.

项目概要/摘要 我们建议研究夫妻在分娩后几年的工作和收入趋势以及 这些夫妇层面的过程对总不平等随时间变化的影响。我们将解决 文献中关于夫妻如何进入婚姻以及他们如何协商婚姻角色的关键差距 婚姻。与婚姻中性别差异专业化的转变相一致，社会经济 随着时间的推移，男性和女性预测婚姻的特征变得越来越相似， 婚姻内丈夫和妻子的收入。然而一旦结婚，尤其是孩子出生后， 妻子承担更多的家庭责任，丈夫承担更多的市场工作；这些 调整导致配偶之间的收入差距扩大。关于如何 夫妇层面的调整随着时间的推移而发生变化，高收入和低收入夫妇的调整有何不同，或者 它们可能对以下方面产生什么影响：(a) 配偶经济相似的趋势或 (b) 社会地位的趋势 更广泛的不平等。了解产生不平等的过程至关重要，因为它与 健康状况和福祉较差。我们将使用当前四十年的连续短期面板 人口调查 (CPS)，用于评估第一胎出生后丈夫和妻子的工作和收入变化。 我们依靠 1976 年至 2015 年新推出的标识符，在 16 个月的时间里将夫妻纵向联系起来。 他们的 CPS 参与，为数十万对夫妇提供了 480 个重叠的面板。这些数据 是美国最大、运行时间最长的纵向数据源，实际上尚未用于研究 关于家庭动态和变化。我们将实现五个具体目标： AIM 1) 公开开发和制定语法 可用于生成 1976 年至 2015 年的耦合水平纵向 CPS 数据库和权重；目标 2) 检查 生育后夫妇内部市场工作分工的趋势；目标 3) 检查耦合内如何 分娩后市场工作分工的趋势因他和她之前的收入而异； AIM 4) 连接情侣- 工作和收入水平的变化对总体不平等的影响，分解收入不平等的变化 夫妻在生育前后伴侣的经济相似性发生变化；目标 5) 评估 离婚和非婚生育增加对我们研究结果的影响，考察了 未婚母亲的就业和收入及其对总体不平等的贡献。该研究 团队在研究美国家庭变迁方面拥有丰富的专业知识，在数据整合方面拥有无与伦比的经验， 记录链接和 CPS。该项目为了解家庭内部杠杆的科学提供了巨大的潜力 这导致了家庭之间经济福祉的差异。我们学到的东西将直接相关 了解美国人过去、现在和未来的健康模式。婚姻和家庭政策举措 育儿假将受益于我们关于父母如何安排工作和家庭需求的调查结果。