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Multisensory perception: Audiovisual interactions under dynamic conditions

多感官知觉：动态条件下的视听交互

基本信息

批准号：
8732658
负责人：
CATHLEEN M MOORE
金额：
$ 18.08万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-09-30 至 2016-09-29
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This research investigates intersensory mechanisms that underlie the influence of auditory stimuli on visual perception. Findings from single-cell neurophysiology, event-related brain potentials, and functional MRI indicate that neurons in cortical areas that were once thought to be unisensory can be driven by stimuli from multiple modalities. Moreover, the timing of multisensory-driven activity is such that it is unlikely to be due to just to feedback from anatomically later cortical areas. A set of recently reported behavioral effects showing the enhancement of visual perception from informationally unrelated but concomitantly presented auditory stimuli seem to be manifestations of these multisensory mechanisms. To date, however, these effects have not been understood in terms of any common intersensory mechanism. This research tests the audiovisual temporal-encapsulation hypothesis which states that an abrupt transient auditory stimulus defines a temporal window within which the representation of visual stimuli that appear in that time window are isolated from interaction with temporally surrounding visual information. This hypothesis can account for all of the effects reviewed above and it makes novel predictions beyond these, which are the focus of the present proposal. Significantly, the intersensory effects that have been reported in the literature are primarily examples of visual facilitation by concomitant auditory stimuli. The new predictions that we have derived from the audiovisual temporal encapsulation hypothesis are examples of impaired visual perception by concomitant auditory stimuli, which make them especially powerful for testing the hypothesis. The general idea is that if visual information is encapsulated by concomitant auditory stimuli, then it follows that tasks that require integration o that encapsulated visual information with information sampled at a different time will be impaired. This idea will be tested in three specific aims. Specific Aim 1 tests the effects of auditory stimuli in a visual integration task. Specific Aim 2 tests the effects of auditory stimulion the processes by which visible persistence for moving stimuli is actively suppressed known, as motion deblurring. Specific Aim 3 tests the effects of auditory stimuli on the processes by which visual information is suppressed during eye movements, known as saccadic suppression. If confirmed, the audiovisual temporal-encapsulation hypothesis could explain why people are susceptible to auditory distraction when engaged in what are primarily visual tasks (e.g., driving). Moreover, the encapsulation process might be a mechanism that is subject to failure in impaired states due to drugs, alcohol or disease. It may also be a mechanism that is subject to decline with age.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项研究探讨了听觉刺激对视觉感知影响的感觉间机制。单细胞神经生理学、事件相关脑电位和功能性MRI的研究结果表明，曾经被认为是单一感觉的皮层区域的神经元可以被多种方式的刺激所驱动。此外，多传感器驱动的活动的时间是这样的，它不太可能是由于只是从解剖学上后来的皮层区域的反馈。最近报道的一组行为效应显示，从信息无关，但伴随着听觉刺激的视觉感知的增强似乎是这些多感官机制的表现。然而，到目前为止，这些影响还没有被理解为任何共同的感觉间机制。本研究测试视听时间封装假说，该假说指出，一个突然的瞬态听觉刺激定义了一个时间窗口，在该时间窗口内出现的视觉刺激的表示与时间周围的视觉信息的相互作用隔离。这一假说可以解释上述所有的影响，并提出了新的预测，超越这些，这是本建议的重点。值得注意的是，文献中报道的感觉间效应主要是伴随听觉刺激的视觉促进的例子。我们从视听时间封装假说中得出的新预测是伴随听觉刺激的视觉感知受损的例子，这使得它们对于检验该假说特别强大。一般的想法是，如果视觉信息被伴随的听觉刺激所封装，那么需要将封装的视觉信息与在不同时间采样的信息整合的任务将受到损害。这一想法将在三个具体目标中得到检验。具体目标1测试视觉整合任务中听觉刺激的效果。具体目标2测试听觉刺激的影响，通过该过程，移动刺激的可见持续性被积极抑制，称为运动去模糊。具体目标3测试听觉刺激对眼动过程中视觉信息被抑制的过程的影响，称为扫视抑制。如果得到证实，视听时间封装假说可以解释为什么人们在从事主要是视觉任务时容易受到听觉干扰（例如，驾驶）。此外，包封过程可能是一种机制，由于药物，酒精或疾病而在受损状态下失败。它也可能是一种随年龄增长而下降的机制。