Establishing the Role of Sensorimotor Skills in Speech Development and Disorders

项目摘要/摘要 患有语音障碍(SSD)的儿童承受着负面的社会和学习后果，这些后果可能会导致 如果他们的言语错误得不到及时纠正，就会成为终身的个人和职业障碍 [1]。在患有SSD的儿童中，那些有运动障碍的儿童被认为最有可能发展为持续性 语音错误[2]，但可用于测量运动存在的手段有明显的局限性(fiCan) 参与其中。本提案的总体目标是开发一种直接测量运动参与程度的方法 同时测量与发育成人样语言的不同fi相关的感觉因素。 根据DIVA的理论框架，熟练的言语产生包括使用听觉和因此- 指导运动执行的感觉反馈[3]，这表明个体在听觉和运动能力上的差异 体感敏锐度可能与言语运动结果有关。目前的研究探索了相对的对立面。 运动执行技能和体感敏锐度在不同音素发展中的作用 年龄越来越小的孩子。作为动作执行技能的指标，我们使用了提取的语言复杂性度量 从超声图像[4，5，6]。作为体感技能的指标，我们使用了口头立体识别任务[7，8，9] 同时控制研究得更好的可变听觉敏锐度。 fi的第一个目标是建立语言复杂性与这些发音指标之间的关系。 年龄和精神障碍状况。我们的中心假设是，语言的复杂性将与这些语音有关 结果。也就是说，根据试点数据显示，年龄较大的儿童的语言复杂性比年龄较小的儿童更高 在音素/r/的产生中，我们假设年龄较大的儿童的语言复杂性会更高 与年龄较小的儿童相比，fi更适合于后期发育的音素。此外，基于以前的工作[6]，我们 假设典型发育儿童的正确语言产出的语言复杂性将高于 在患有SSD儿童的错误制作中。 第二个目的是了解体感敏锐度和语言复杂性之间的关系 并比较不同障碍状态的人群的体感敏锐度。精密度 的感觉目标可能会在个人更新和调整运动计划的能力中发挥作用[10]，所以我们的 工作假设是，体感敏锐度高的儿童相对来说，语言复杂性更高 体感敏锐度低的儿童和患有SSD的儿童的体感敏锐度将高于 典型的--发展中的孩子。 在不同年龄和临床过程的个体中，语言复杂性的量化是fi的关键前提 理解运动因素在儿童非成人语音模式中的相对重要性。理解 语言复杂性和体感技能的相对贡献可能有助于指导临床医生进行治疗。 针对患有孤独症的儿童的Deficit感觉运动技能的个性化方法[11]。

Project Summary/Abstract Children with speech sound disorder (SSD) endure negative social and academic consequences that may mani- fest as life-long personal and professional obstacles if their speech errors are not remediated in a timely manner [1]. Among children with SSD, those with motor involvement are considered the most likely to develop persistent speech errors [2], but there are significant limitations to the means available for measuring the presence of motor involvement. The overall objective of the present proposal is to develop a direct measure of motor involvement while measuring related sensory factors associated with difficulty developing adult-like speech. According to the DIVA theoretical framework, skilled speech production involves using auditory and so- matosensory feedback to guide motor execution [3], which suggests that individual differences in auditory and somatosensory acuity may be relevant for speech-motor outcomes. The current study explores the relative contri- butions of motor execution skill and somatosensory acuity in the development of various phonemes produced by younger and older children. As an index of motor execution skill, we use lingual complexity measures extracted from ultrasound images [4, 5, 6]. As the index of somatosensory skill, we use an oral stereognosis task [7, 8, 9] while controlling for the better-studied variable auditory acuity. The first aim is to establish the relationship between lingual complexity and such indices of articulatory matu- rity as age and disorder status. Our central hypothesis is that lingual complexity will be related with these speech outcomes. That is, based on pilot data showing that lingual complexity is higher in older children than in younger children in productions of the phoneme /r/, we hypothesize that lingual complexity will be higher in older children than in younger children specifically for later-developing phonemes. In addition, based on previous work [6], we hypothesize that lingual complexity will be higher in the correct productions of typically-developing children than in the incorrect productions of children with SSD. The second aim is to understand the relationship between somatosensory acuity and lingual complexity across individuals and to compare somatosensory acuity across groups differing in disorder status. Precision of sensory goals is likely to play a role in an individual's ability to update and fine-tune motor plans [10], so our working hypotheses are that children with high somatosensory acuity will have higher lingual complexity relative to children with low somatosensory acuity and that children with SSD will have higher somatosensory acuity than typically-developing children. Quantification of lingual complexity in individuals varying in age and clinical profile is a crucial prerequisite for understanding the relative importance of motor factors in children's non-adult-like speech patterns. Understanding the relative contribution of lingual complexity and somatosensory skill may help guide clinicians toward treatment approaches that are personalized to target the deficit sensorimotor skill [11] for children with SSD.