Covert Orienting and Infant Visual Cognition

项目摘要 本研究的主要目的是研究空间线索对注意和知觉的影响。 在婴儿期使用眼球跟踪和事件相关电位(ERP)进行处理，并确定 在婴儿期使用逼真的头部模型处理先前提示或未提示的视觉刺激的大脑 和皮质来源分析。研究表明，利用旨在引发隐蔽定向的空间线索 (即，将注意力集中在一个空间位置上，而不是看它)可以增强感知处理和 婴儿期记忆(例如，Markant等人，2015年；Ross-Sheehy等人，2011年)。研究结果表明， 婴儿知觉学习和记忆的空间线索只发生在被认为引起抑制的试验中 收益率(IOR)。因此，婴儿可能在需要抑制过程的条件下表现出最佳学习。 或者，空间线索对婴儿注意力和知觉处理的影响可能由以下因素决定 多种因素，包括任务特征和年龄，以及隐蔽定向可能会增强注意力和 对目标的知觉处理，而不管是否进行抑制过程。具体目标1 确定空间线索和内隐定向对注意和知觉加工的影响 6个月、9个月大的婴儿。将使用多层次系统方法来检查婴儿在 通过结合使用眼球跟踪和事件相关电位，改进的空间线索/识别记忆任务。这 将允许对与秘密有关的潜在机制进行迄今为止最全面的分析 婴儿期的定向、视觉注意和知觉处理。具体目标2是确定 参与处理3个月、6个月和9个月大婴儿的线索和非线索视觉目标的大脑。现实主义头部 将利用企业资源规划数据的建模和皮质源分析来实现这一目标据预测， 隐蔽定向将提高注意力，并在6个月和9个月的条件下培养知觉处理- 基于额区功能成熟度的老年婴幼儿注意控制与抑制 正在处理。这项工作将填补现有文献中有关神经机制的一个主要空白 在婴儿期进行隐蔽定向后处理视觉目标--这一过程是视觉的基础 在杂乱的自然主义环境中进行处理。拟议研究的结果可以为未来的工作提供参考 为有发育障碍风险的儿童确定视觉认知发展的非典型模式。

Project Summary The major goals of this proposal are to investigate the impact of spatial cueing on attention and perceptual processing in infancy using eye tracking and event-related potentials (ERP), and to determine areas of the brain involved in processing previously cued or uncued visual stimuli in infancy using realistic head modeling and cortical source analysis. Research has shown that utilizing spatial cues designed to elicit covert orienting (i.e., focusing attention on a spatial location without looking at it) can enhance perceptual processing and memory in infancy (e.g., Markant et al., 2015; Ross-Sheehy et al., 2011). Findings indicate that the benefits of spatial cueing on infant perceptual learning and memory occur exclusively on trials believed to elicit inhibition of return (IOR). Thus, infants may demonstrate optimal learning in conditions that require inhibitory processes. Alternatively, the effects of spatial cues on infant attention and perceptual processing are likely determined by multiple factors, including task characteristics and age, and covert orienting likely enhances attention and perceptual processing to targets regardless of whether or not inhibitory processes are engaged. Specific Aim 1 is to determine the effects of spatial cueing and covert orienting on attention and perceptual processing for 3-, 6-, and 9-month-old infants. A multilevel systems approach will be utilized to examine infants' performance on a modified spatial cueing/recognition memory task through the combined use of eye tracking and ERPs. This will allow for the most comprehensive analysis to date of potential mechanisms associated with covert orienting, visual attention, and perceptual processing in infancy. Specific Aim 2 is to determine areas of the brain involved in processing cued and uncued visual targets for 3-, 6-, and 9-month-old infants. Realistic head modeling and cortical source analysis of the ERP data will be utilized to achieve this am. It is predicted that covert orienting will enhance attention and foster perceptual processing across conditions for 6- and 9-month- old infants based on functional maturity of the frontal areas involved in attentional control and inhibitory processing. This work will fill a major gap in the existing literature regarding neural mechanisms involved in processing visual targets following covert orienting in infancy - a process that is fundamental to visual processing in cluttered naturalistic settings. Findings from the proposed research can inform future work aimed at identifying atypical patterns of visual cognitive development for children at risk for developmental disabilities.