Covert Orienting and Infant Visual Cognition

隐性定向和婴儿视觉认知

• 批准号: 9904734
• 负责人: GREGORY DURELLE REYNOLDS
• 金额: $ 7.55万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE KNOXVILLE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-04-01 至 2023-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9904734
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Age; Age-Months; Area; Attention; Behavior; Biological; Brain; Characteristics; Child; Child Development; Clutterings; Cues; Data; Data Set; Development; Developmental Disabilities; Early identification; Effectiveness; Electroencephalography; Event-Related Potentials; Exploratory Behavior; Fostering; Future; Goals; Head; Hybrids; Infant; Knowledge; Lead; Learning; Literature; Location; Measures; Memory; Modeling; Nature; Pattern; Perceptual learning; Performance; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Research; Risk; Scanning; Scientific Advances and Accomplishments; Source; Structure; System; Testing; Training Programs; Visual; Visual attention; Work; attentional control; base; cognitive development; design; infancy; insight; memory recognition; multilevel analysis; neurodevelopment; neuromechanism; novel; relating to nervous system; technique development; visual cognition; visual information; visual memory; visual process; visual processing; visual search; visual stimulus; visual tracking

Project Summary The major goals of this proposal are to investigate the impact of spatial cueing on attention and perceptual processing in infancy using eye tracking and event-related potentials (ERP), and to determine areas of the brain involved in processing previously cued or uncued visual stimuli in infancy using realistic head modeling and cortical source analysis. Research has shown that utilizing spatial cues designed to elicit covert orienting (i.e., focusing attention on a spatial location without looking at it) can enhance perceptual processing and memory in infancy (e.g., Markant et al., 2015; Ross-Sheehy et al., 2011). Findings indicate that the benefits of spatial cueing on infant perceptual learning and memory occur exclusively on trials believed to elicit inhibition of return (IOR). Thus, infants may demonstrate optimal learning in conditions that require inhibitory processes. Alternatively, the effects of spatial cues on infant attention and perceptual processing are likely determined by multiple factors, including task characteristics and age, and covert orienting likely enhances attention and perceptual processing to targets regardless of whether or not inhibitory processes are engaged. Specific Aim 1 is to determine the effects of spatial cueing and covert orienting on attention and perceptual processing for 3-, 6-, and 9-month-old infants. A multilevel systems approach will be utilized to examine infants' performance on a modified spatial cueing/recognition memory task through the combined use of eye tracking and ERPs. This will allow for the most comprehensive analysis to date of potential mechanisms associated with covert orienting, visual attention, and perceptual processing in infancy. Specific Aim 2 is to determine areas of the brain involved in processing cued and uncued visual targets for 3-, 6-, and 9-month-old infants. Realistic head modeling and cortical source analysis of the ERP data will be utilized to achieve this am. It is predicted that covert orienting will enhance attention and foster perceptual processing across conditions for 6- and 9-month- old infants based on functional maturity of the frontal areas involved in attentional control and inhibitory processing. This work will fill a major gap in the existing literature regarding neural mechanisms involved in processing visual targets following covert orienting in infancy - a process that is fundamental to visual processing in cluttered naturalistic settings. Findings from the proposed research can inform future work aimed at identifying atypical patterns of visual cognitive development for children at risk for developmental disabilities.

项目概要 该提案的主要目标是研究空间线索对注意力和知觉的影响 使用眼动追踪和事件相关电位 (ERP) 在婴儿期进行处理，并确定 使用逼真的头部模型，大脑在婴儿期参与处理先前有提示或无提示的视觉刺激 和皮质源分析。研究表明，利用旨在引发隐蔽定向的空间线索 （即，将注意力集中在某个空间位置而不看它）可以增强感知处理和 婴儿期的记忆（例如，Markant et al., 2015；Ross-Sheehy et al., 2011）。研究结果表明，以下好处 对婴儿知觉学习和记忆的空间提示仅发生在被认为会引起抑制的试验中 回报率（IOR）。因此，婴儿可能在需要抑制过程的条件下表现出最佳的学习能力。 或者，空间线索对婴儿注意力和知觉处理的影响可能由以下因素决定： 多种因素，包括任务特征和年龄，以及隐蔽的定向可能会增强注意力和 无论是否参与抑制过程，都会对目标进行感知处理。具体目标 1 是为了确定空间提示和隐蔽定向对注意力和知觉处理的影响 3-, 6、9 个月大的婴儿。将采用多层次系统方法来检查婴儿的表现 通过结合使用眼动追踪和 ERP 来改进空间提示/识别记忆任务。这 将能够对与秘密相关的潜在机制进行迄今为止最全面的分析 婴儿期的定向、视觉注意力和知觉处理。具体目标 2 是确定 大脑参与处理 3、6 和 9 个月大婴儿的有提示和无提示视觉目标。现实头 将利用 ERP 数据的建模和皮质源分析来实现这一目标。据预测 隐蔽定向将增强注意力并促进 6 个月和 9 个月大的不同条件下的知觉处理 年长婴儿基于涉及注意力控制和抑制的额叶区域的功能成熟度 加工。这项工作将填补现有文献中有关神经机制的重大空白 在婴儿期进行隐性定向后处理视觉目标——这是视觉的基础过程 在杂乱的自然主义环境中进行处理。拟议研究的结果可以为未来的工作提供信息 识别有发育障碍风险的儿童视觉认知发育的非典型模式。