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Emergence of task-specific neuronal ensembles in human motor and premotor cortex with learning using a brain-computer interface

通过使用脑机接口进行学习，人类运动和前运动皮层中任务特异性神经元群的出现

基本信息

批准号：
9909053
负责人：
Kaitlin Wilcoxen
金额：
$ 4.5万
依托单位：
BROWN UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-02-01 至 2022-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9909053
关键词：
Academic Training Adult Animal Model Animals Area Basic Science Behavior Brain Brain region Clinical Clinical Trials Collaborations Communication Consensus Development Devices Educational process of instructing Environment Evolution Fellowship Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging General Hospitals Human Impairment Intuition Learning Learning Skill Link Manuscripts Massachusetts Medical center Mentors Methods Motor Motor Cortex Motor Skills Motor output Movement Muscle Neurons Neurorehabilitation Neurosciences Oral Output Participant Patients Pattern Performance Persons Population Preparation Process Research Resolution Role Specific qualifier value Spinal Cord Stroke Structure Training Universities Veterans Writing base brain computer interface disability imaging study improved insight interest job market limb movement motor control motor function recovery motor impairment motor learning motor skill learning neural correlate neurophysiology non-invasive imaging nonhuman primate novel post stroke rehabilitation research relating to nervous system skill acquisition skills stroke recovery stroke rehabilitation stroke therapy symposium

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY Stroke frequently causes significant long-term motor impairment, and minimizing this impairment is a major focus of stroke rehabilitation. Research in animal models and non-invasive imaging studies in humans suggest that decreases in variability within motor cortex are associated with improvements in skill performance. However, the changes at the level of single neurons that underly human motor learning beyond motor cortex are not well understood. A better understanding of the neurophysiologic basis of motor skill acquisition may inform improved neurorehabilitation strategies. Intracortical brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs) can record activity at the level of single neurons, and offer a unique opportunity to study the neural correlates of movement in humans. In this study, I propose to use an iBCI framework to track the evolution of task-relevant ensembles of neurons in motor cortex, and determine the relationship between motor and premotor cortex during learning. To do this, participants in an ongoing pilot clinical trial will learn to modulate the firing rate of one (target) neuron in order to control the movement of a cursor on a screen. In Aim 1, I will quantify changes within human motor cortex at the level of single neurons as a person learns a novel motor task. In Aim 2, I will assess changes between motor and premotor cortex with learning. This will provide the first human-specific information on motor learning at the neuronal level, and will clarify how the network evolves over the course of learning. In Aim 3, I will change the target neuron and assess how the network reorganizes to accommodate a new skill. This will allow me to probe how well the pattern of skill learning is conserved, and may be particularly informative for stroke treatment as stroke recovery involves network reorganization and relearning. This research will develop a framework for studying motor learning in humans at the level of single neurons. Results from this study will provide novel information about how neural activity changes with motor skill learning across brain regions, and may provide insight for the rational development of stroke treatments. This fellowship will also support the technical and academic training and professional development of the applicant, including advanced training in neuroengineering; general neuroscience training; formal and informal training in written and oral scientific communication, including writing manuscripts and attendance at conferences; teaching and mentoring training; and job market preparation. This research will be conducted in the highly inter-disciplinary and supportive research environment at Brown University, and in collaboration with Massachusetts General Hospital and the Providence Veterans’ Affairs Medical Center.

项目总结