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Central Nervous System Processing of Complex Acoustic Signals

复杂声音信号的中枢神经系统处理

基本信息

批准号：
9908656
负责人：
Adam Ryan Fishbein
金额：
$ 4.07万
依托单位：
UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-09-01 至 2020-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Project Summary: In perceiving acoustic communication signals, two of the most important levels at which the central nervous system (CNS) must process sounds are (1) temporal fine structure (TFS) – rapid changes in the frequency and amplitude within the envelope of the speech waveform – and (2) sequential patterns in the structure of acoustic elements. In human language, these abilities are important both for decoding information from speech and in learning to accurately produce words and sentences. While much has been learned about how the auditory cortex in humans computes complex acoustic signals through using non-invasive techniques, it is not known how neurons of the auditory system process the acoustic communication signals at these multiple levels. Vocal learning birds with their complex, learned vocal repertoires and sequentially patterned songs provide very good models for understanding how the brain processes complex acoustic signals. Songbirds, such as zebra finches, and parrots, such as budgerigars, are especially attractive models for asking how the CNS processes complex acoustic signals as the birds can hear TFS at a level that surpasses the capability of humans and other mammals, and the neural mechanisms involved in TFS and sequence processing have been little explored. Moreover, recent experiments have suggested that changes in TFS are much more discriminable to zebra finches than changes in the sequential pattern of song syllables. This is in contrast to humans and budgerigars, for which changes to sequence are very salient. In perception, the coding of neurons in primary and secondary auditory regions for TFS and sequential patterns may help explain why species differ in processing these features. Examining these capacities at the single- and multi-unit level in vocal learning birds could help us, thereby, further understand CNS processing of acoustic communication signals and address central auditory disorders affecting human language. To determine the neural basis for auditory pattern recognition and processing of TFS, I propose the following 2 specific aims: In aim 1, I will compare the discriminability of TFS and sequential patterns in zebra finches, a songbird model, and budgerigars, a parrot model. I will pit these two auditory levels against each other in psychoacoustics testing using Schroeder waveforms, synthetic stimuli that can be manipulated so that only TFS or the sequence of elements is changed, and I will also obtain thresholds in the two species for hearing changes to sequence. In aim 2, I will compare how neurons in auditory regions of the zebra finch and budgerigar forebrains code TFS and sequence information in complex acoustic signals. I will measure single- and multi-unit extracellular selectivity to the TFS of Schroeder waveforms in the primary auditory region of zebra finches and budgerigars and I will measure dishabituation to changes in sequence in a secondary auditory region. In summary, the proposed project will improve scientific knowledge about complex auditory perception by linking behavioral data about TFS and pattern processing with neural correlates in the auditory system.

项目摘要：在感知声学通信信号时，中枢神经系统（CNS）必须处理的声音是（1）颞叶精细结构（TFS）-快速变化的语音波形的包络内的频率和幅度-以及（2）语音波形中的序列模式。声学元件的结构。在人类语言中，这些能力对于解码信息从言语和学习中准确地产生单词和句子。虽然我们已经了解了很多人类的听觉皮层如何通过非侵入性技术计算复杂的声音信号，听觉系统的神经元如何在这些倍数下处理声学通信信号是未知的程度.声乐学习鸟类与他们的复杂，学习声乐曲目和顺序模式的歌曲为了解大脑如何处理复杂的声学信号提供了非常好的模型。鸣禽，如斑胸草雀和鹦鹉，如虎皮鹦鹉，是特别有吸引力的模式，询问中枢神经系统如何处理复杂的声音信号，因为鸟类可以听到超过人类和其他哺乳动物的能力，以及涉及TFS和序列的神经机制处理很少被探索。此外，最近的实验表明，TFS的变化是对斑胸草雀来说，这比唱歌音节顺序模式的变化更容易辨别。这是与人类和虎皮鹦鹉相反，它们的序列变化非常显著。在感知中，编码 TFS和序列模式的初级和次级听觉区域的神经元可能有助于解释为什么物种在处理这些特征方面有所不同。检查这些能力在单和多单位的水平，在声乐因此，学习鸟类可以帮助我们进一步了解声音通信信号的中枢神经系统处理，解决影响人类语言的中枢听觉障碍。为了确定听觉模式识别和处理TFS的神经基础，我提出了以下2个具体目标：在目标1中，我将比较TFS和序列模式在斑马中的可辨别性雀类，鸣禽模型，虎皮鹦鹉，鹦鹉模型。我会让这两个听觉层次相互对立在使用Schroeder波形的心理声学测试中，可以操纵的合成刺激， TFS或元素的顺序发生了变化，我还将获得这两个物种的听觉阈值改变顺序。在目标2中，我将比较斑胸草雀和虎皮鹦鹉听觉区域的神经元前脑编码复杂声学信号中的TFS和序列信息。我将测量单个和多个单位斑胸草雀初级听觉区对Schroeder波形TFS的细胞外选择性，鹦鹉和我将测量对次级听觉区域中顺序变化的适应性丧失。在总而言之，拟议的项目将通过将复杂的听觉感知联系起来，关于TFS的行为数据和听觉系统中神经相关的模式处理。