Jail Inmates' Self-Control and Post-Release Substance Misuse

服刑人员自我控制与释后物质滥用 项目摘要 数十年的研究一再将自我控制的缺陷与药物滥用和犯罪行为联系起来。 跨领域的理论和研究历来将自我控制视为一个统一的维度。然而，在这方面， 最近的理论和经验发展表明，自我控制存在两个不同的组成部分-抑制性 自我控制和初始/持续自我控制（de Ridder，et al.，2011; Hoyle & Davisson，2016）。简而言之， 自我抑制是不做某事--抑制冲动，不去追求有吸引力但目标不一致的东西 行为。通过启动/坚持的自我控制需要做一些事情-参与并坚持目标- 始终如一的行为，尽管由于挫折或障碍而导致不作为。拟议项目将 检查分解自我控制是否有好处。结果将为 在高风险、得不到充分服务的人群中制定更有针对性和更有效的自我控制干预措施。 利用两个纵向数据集的囚犯随访10年（n=508）和3年（n=213）后， 发布后，拟议项目将解决以下问题： (1)自我控制的两个组成部分-抑制性自我控制和初始/持续性自我控制- 差异预测释放后物质滥用，犯罪，和积极的社区适应？ (2)自我控制和药物滥用之间的因果关系是什么？我将研究是否 自我控制的特定形式的变化导致物质滥用的变化，反之亦然，还是两者兼而有之？ (3)在监禁期间和释放后，自我控制的组成部分是如何变化的？ (4)这些发现在多大程度上适用于种族和性别？ 研究结果将作为制定更有针对性的特定领域自我控制干预措施的基础， 用于根据个体化的自我控制需求和释放后的挑战（例如，风险 取决于抑制性与初始/持续自我控制或两者的区域）。

Jail Inmates’ Self-Control and Post-Release Substance Misuse Project Summary Decades of research have repeatedly linked deficits in self-control to substance misuse and criminal behavior. Theory and research across fields have historically treated self-control as a unitary dimension. However, recent theoretical and empirical developments suggest two distinct components of self-control exist – inhibitory self-control and initiatory/persistent self-control (de Ridder, et al., 2011; Hoyle & Davisson, 2016). Succinctly, self-control by inhibition is to not do something – to override impulses toward attractive but goal-inconsistent behaviors. Self-control by initiation/persistence is required to do something – to engage in and persist at goal- consistent behaviors, despite a pull toward inaction due to setbacks or barriers. The proposed project will examine whether there are advantages in decomposing self-control. Results would set the stage for developing more targeted and effective self-control interventions in a high-risk, underserved population. Drawing on two longitudinal data sets of inmates followed up to 10 years (n=508) and 3 years (n=213) post- release, the proposed project will address the following questions: (1) Do the two components of self-control – inhibitory self-control and initiatory/persistent self-control – differentially predict post-release substance misuse, crime, and positive community adjustment? (2) What is the causal nature of the link between self-control and substance misuse? I will examine whether changes in particular forms of self-control lead to changes in substance misuse, vice versa, or both? (3) How, and for whom, do the components of self-control change during incarceration and post-release? (4) To what degree do these findings generalize across race and gender? Results will serve as the foundation for developing more targeted domain-specific self-control interventions and for prioritizing specific treatments to individualized self-control needs and post-release challenges (e.g., risk areas hinging on inhibitory vs. initiatory/persistent self-control or both).