Examining naturalistic social engagement: Using mobile eye-tracking to investigate individual differences and within-person variation in adolescent behavior, attention, and neural processing

项目摘要/摘要 同伴关系对青少年的社会性发展有很大的影响1，2并且可能对青少年的社会发展具有保护作用 焦虑和抑郁。4，5调查社会投入的标记物可能会阐明 理解个体社会情绪轨迹背后的过程。两个主要的差距存在于 关于青少年社会参与的文献：1)潜在的行为和注意机制 成功的社会参与并没有得到很好的理解。2)检查潜在机制的研究a)依赖于 模拟社交互动的基于计算机的任务(例如，Cyberball、6聊天室任务、7、8虚拟学校9)或b) 放弃神经处理或眼球跟踪的测量，而是更自然的社交互动。在 目前的研究表明，13岁的青少年将与一位新的同龄人配对，并提供参与 自然主义的社会互动。在社交互动期间，行为和移动眼球跟踪(MET)数据将 被收集起来。重要的是，移动眼球跟踪系统还将捕捉每个参与者对 社交互动。凝视测量将被用来检验自然主义互动过程中的社会注意力。这个 将使用透视视频检查系统和威胁电路连接，以应对 自然主义的互动。具体地说，参与者将在扫描仪中重新直播交互，观看两者 从他们和他们伴侣的角度来看，积极和消极的时刻。该设计将使 确定自然主义社会参与的多个标志，研究小组将解决三个问题 主要目的：1)确定青少年在自然主义时期的社会注意和行为的个体差异 同龄人互动。2)检查在确定系统和威胁电路连接的过程中的个体差异 重新体验同龄人互动。3)考察社会注意对个体的潜在调节作用 系统连接模式和威胁电路连接模式的不同。调查结果将提供有价值的 有关社会参与的标志的信息，为未来研究这些标志如何 可能会发展并相互作用，以支持精神病理学的出现，特别是焦虑。 目前的研究设计了一个综合的培训计划，为奖学金申请者做好准备 未来的职业发展神经学家。三个主要的培训目标是：1)在 如何衡量青少年同伴交往中的个体差异。2)接受神经科学培训 方法论和多层次建模。3)高级培训和专业发展，为 独立研究生涯。这些培训目标将有效地为申请者在 成为一名发展神经学家的理想职业道路，并为未来奠定基础 研究项目考察相互作用的过程，包括行为、注意力和神经，是如何形成 社会参与的发展，这也可能调节精神病理学的风险。

Project Summary/Abstract Peer relationships are highly influential in adolescent social development1,2 and may be protective against anxiety3 and depression.4,5 Investigating markers of social engagement may elucidate targets for understanding processes underlying individual socio-emotional trajectories. Two major gaps exist in the literature on adolescent social engagement: 1) The behavioral and attentional mechanisms underlying successful social engagement are not well understood. 2) Studies examining potential mechanisms a) rely on computer-based tasks that emulate social interactions (e.g., cyberball,6 chatroom task,7,8 virtual school9) or b) forgo measures of neural processing or eye-tracking in favor of more naturalistic social interactions. In the current study, 13-year-olds will be paired with a novel peer and provided the opportunity to engage in a naturalistic social interaction. During the social interaction, behavioral and mobile eye-tracking (MET) data will be collected. Importantly, the mobile eye-tracking system will also capture each participant’s perspective of the social interaction. Gaze measures will be used to examine social attention during a naturalistic interaction. The perspective videos will be used to examine mentalizing system and threat circuit connectivity in response to the naturalistic interaction. Specifically, participants will “re-live” the interaction in the scanner, watching both positive and negative moments from both their, and their partner’s, perspectives. The design will enable the identification of multiple markers of naturalistic social engagement and the research team will address three main aims: 1) Identify individual differences in adolescent social attention and behavior during a naturalistic peer interaction. 2) Examine individual differences in mentalizing system and threat circuit connectivity during a re-experienced peer interaction. 3) Examine the potential moderating effect of social attention on individual differences in mentalizing system and threat circuit connectivity patterns. Findings will provide valuable information about markers of social engagement, paving the way for future work examining how these markers may develop and interact to support the emergence of psychopathology, particularly anxiety. The current study is designed with an integrated training plan that will prepare the fellowship applicant for a future career as a developmental neuroscientist. The three overarching training goals are: 1) Obtain training in how to measure individual differences in adolescent peer interactions. 2) Obtain training in neuroscience methodology and multilevel modeling. 3) Advance training and professional development in preparation for an independent research career. These training goals will effectively prepare the applicant for the next steps in the desired career path of becoming a developmental neuroscientist as well as lay the foundation for a future research program examining how interacting processes, behavioral, attentional and neural, underlie the development of social engagement, which also may modulate risk for psychopathology.