Prevention of Adolescent Risky Behaviors: Neural Markers of Intervention Effects

预防青少年危险行为：干预效果的神经标志物

• 批准号: 9926022
• 负责人: UMA RAO
• 金额: $ 2.35万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-07-01 至 2022-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9926022
• 关键词: 13 year old; AIDS/HIV problem; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Risk Behavior; Affect; African American; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Biological; Biology; Brain; Brain region; Cessation of life; Child Rearing; Cognitive; Computers; Dangerous Behavior; Data; Decision Making; Development; Discrimination; Drug usage; Effectiveness of Interventions; Emotional; Equilibrium; Exposure to; Family; Fibrinogen; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; HIV; HIV risk; Health; Individual; Individual Differences; Informal Social Control; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Longevity; MRI Scans; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Morbidity - disease rate; Neighborhoods; Neurobiology; Neurosciences; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Poverty; Prevention; Prevention program; Process; Puberty; Race; Randomized; Randomized Controlled Trials; Reporting; Rest; Rewards; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk-Taking; Services; Sex Behavior; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Social Change; Social Environment; Societies; Stress; Subgroup; Suicide; System; Task Performances; Testing; Time; Violence; Virus Diseases; Vulnerable Populations; Waiting Lists; Youth; alcohol consequences; alcohol response; base; behavioral outcome; cognitive control; contextual factors; cost; design; efficacy study; health disparity; high risk; high risk behavior; implementation strategy; improved; insight; intervention effect; intervention program; mortality; neural circuit; neurobiological mechanism; peer; post intervention; premature; prevent; programs; protective factors; psychologic; psychosocial; puberty transition; racial and ethnic; relating to nervous system; response; segregation; sex; social; stressor; success; vehicular accident; young adult

Adolescence is a time of dramatic biological, behavioral and social changes. It is one of the healthiest periods of the life-span, yet morbidity and mortality rates increase 200%, often attributed to natural tendencies to explore and take risks that increase vulnerability to risky and dangerous behaviors. Rapid advances in developmental neuroscience are revealing new insights into how biology and social context interact to increase adolescents' risk-taking behavior which is attributed to a temporal disassociation between maturational changes in two distinct neural systems: “socio-emotional” (reward) and “cognitive-control” (self-regulation). The socio-emotional system is stimulated by a rapid increase in dopaminergic activity at puberty, which influences reward-seeking behavior. This increase in reward-seeking precedes the maturation of the cognitive-control system and its connections to the reward system. This proposal aims to apply these new insights on neurobiology of adolescents' responses to alcohol/drug use and sex-related risk opportunities by examining brain changes in response to a theoretically- based and empirically-tested prevention program that targets risky behavior in African-American youth during pubertal transition. This racial group is disproportionately affected by the high morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-related risky behaviors and exemplifies a significant health disparity in our society. The intervention was designed on the basis of developmental issues and socio-cultural contextual processes germane to African- American families, and has been shown in randomized controlled trials to delay/deter HIV-related risky behaviors in this vulnerable population. This proposal extends the efficacy studies of the intervention by using functional magnetic resonance imaging to quantify the biological changes in response to the intervention. Identifying neural substrates of the intervention can facilitate refinement of the program by focusing on the components that are most effective in changing behavioral and neural circuitry and also aid in the development of new interventions for subgroups of youth that don't have a positive outcome. Using a randomized controlled design, we will assess the neural substrates of risk-taking and risk-avoidant behavior before and after the 6-week computer-interactive, family-based intervention in 11-13 year-old African-American youth. Psychological processes shown to mediate the intervention effects on behaviors that dissuade alcohol and drug use and sexual onset (i.e. reward-drive and cognitive-emotional self-regulation) will be assessed at baseline and 3 months post-intervention. Based on prior studies that reported observable brain changes in response to psychosocial interventions, our hypothesis is that a positive response to the intervention will be associated with greater functional connectivity changes between the socio-emotional (reward-drive) and cognitive-control (self-regulation) components of the neural circuitry compared to the control condition, both at rest and during task-performance. We also postulate that these neural changes will mediate the intervention's positive effects on psychological processes involved in youth's decision to avoid HIV-risk vulnerability behaviors in the service of long-term personal goals and positive health outcomes.

青春期是一个戏剧性的生物，行为和社会变化的时期。这是最健康的时期之一， 寿命，但发病率和死亡率增加200%，往往归因于自然倾向的探索 并承担增加风险和危险行为脆弱性的风险。发展方面的快速进展 神经科学正在揭示生物学和社会环境如何相互作用以增加青少年的 冒险行为，这是由于成熟的变化之间的时间脱节，在两个不同的 神经系统：“社会情感”（奖励）和“认知控制”（自我调节）。社会情绪系统 在青春期多巴胺能活动的快速增加会刺激大脑，从而影响奖赏寻求行为。 这种奖励寻求的增加先于认知控制系统的成熟， 奖励制度。这项建议旨在将这些新的见解应用于青少年反应的神经生物学 酒精/药物使用和性相关的风险机会，通过检查大脑的变化，以响应理论上- 一项基于和经过实验室测试的预防计划，针对非洲裔美国青年在 青春期过渡这一种族群体不成比例地受到与之相关的高发病率和死亡率的影响。 与艾滋病毒相关的危险行为，并强调了我们社会中的重大健康差距。干预是 在发展问题和与非洲密切相关的社会文化背景进程的基础上设计， 美国家庭，并已在随机对照试验中显示，延迟/阻止艾滋病毒相关的危险行为 在这个弱势群体中。这项建议通过使用功能性的干预措施扩展了疗效研究， 磁共振成像以量化响应于干预的生物学变化。识别神经 干预的基础可以通过关注那些 在改变行为和神经回路方面最有效，也有助于开发新的干预措施 对于那些没有积极结果的年轻人来说。使用随机对照设计，我们将评估 在6周的计算机交互之前和之后， 在11-13岁的非洲裔美国青少年中进行家庭干预。心理过程被证明是介导 对劝阻酒精和药物使用以及性发作的行为的干预效果（即奖励驱动和 认知-情绪自我调节）将在基线和干预后3个月进行评估。基于先验 研究报告了可观察到的大脑变化对心理干预的反应，我们的假设是， 对干预的积极反应将与以下方面的更大功能连接变化相关： 神经回路的社会情感（奖励驱动）和认知控制（自我调节）部分 与控制条件相比，在休息和任务执行期间。我们还假设这些神经元 改变将介导干预对参与青年决策的心理过程的积极影响 避免易感染艾滋病毒的行为，以实现长期个人目标和积极的健康成果。