Ethnic Influences on Stress, Energy Balance and Obesity in Adolescents

种族对青少年压力、能量平衡和肥胖的影响

• 批准号: 10355414
• 负责人: UMA RAO
• 金额: $ 123.24万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-02-24 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10355414
• 关键词: Abbreviations; Accelerometer; Accounting; Acute; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent obesity; Adrenal Glands; Adult; Affect; African American; Anthropometry; Behavioral; Biological; Biological Markers; Blood; Body Composition; Body mass index; Caucasians; Cause of Death; Cholesterol; Chronic; Client; Clinical; Consumption; Controlled Environment; Coronary heart disease; Deposition; Development; Diet; Diurnal Rhythm; Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry; Eating; Economic Burden; Economics; Energy Metabolism; Environment; Etiology; Family; Fasting; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Female; Female Adolescents; Food; Glucocorticoids; Guidelines; Hair; Health; Hormones; Hour; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamic structure; Individual; Individual Differences; Insulin Resistance; Intake; Intervention; Interview; Isoprostanes; Knowledge; Leptin; Life; Link; Maintenance; Measures; Mediating; Medical; Metabolic hormone; Metabolic syndrome; Methodology; Methods; Mexican Americans; Minority; Morbidity - disease rate; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Not Hispanic or Latino; Obesity; Overweight; Palate; Patient Self-Report; Physical Fitness; Physical activity; Physiological; Pituitary Gland; Policies; Poverty; Pre-Post Tests; Prevalence; Prevention; Process; Protocols documentation; Public Health; Race; Randomized; Reporting; Research; Risk Factors; Role; Saliva; Salivary; Sampling; Science; Socioeconomic Status; Solid; Standardization; Stress; Stressful Event; System; Testing; Text; Trier Social Stress Test; Triglycerides; Variant; Visceral fat; Visit; Weight maintenance regimen; Woman; Youth; abdominal fat; acute stress; adiponectin; biobehavior; cardiometabolism; cost; critical period; design; diet and exercise; effective therapy; energy balance; evidence base; experience; girls; good diet; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; improved; indexing; individualized medicine; insulin sensitivity; male; minority children; mortality; obesity prevention; obesity treatment; programs; psychologic; psychosocial; psychosocial stressors; racial difference; racial disparity; response; saliva sample; sex; social; social factors; social inequality; stressor; sugar

Obesity is one of the most serious public health problems in the US; its prevalence has tripled in the last three decades and is associated with a range of short- and long-term medical and psychosocial problems. Adolescence is a critical period for the development and persistence of obesity, and is associated with changes in diet, physical activity and fitness, fat distribution and insulin sensitivity. There are racial and sex-specific disparities in the prevalence and burden of obesity. African-American (AA) females have the highest rates of obesity, and the clustered risk factors for coronary heart disease and metabolic syndrome are twice that of AA males. The reasons for racial and sex-specific disparities in the prevalence and burden of obesity are not well understood. AA experience higher stress levels than Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) due to economic and social inequalities, and the effect of stress on energy-dense diet and adiposity is more prominent in females. A better understanding of the mechanisms that link stress to obesity, particularly during adolescence when high rates of obesity, increased stressful experiences and stronger behavioral and physiological responses to stress emerge, will contribute to new clinical guidelines for reducing obesity and associated medical conditions in AA females. The Physiological stress system affects obesity and mediates its adaptive functions via hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Prolonged stress-induced glucocorticoid secretion promotes the consumption of energy-dense diet (EI) and abdominal fat deposition both directly and indirectly through its effects on metabolic hormones. Stress also reduces physical activity and alters energy balance. The proposed study will examine the effects of stress and HPA axis on EI and physical activity-related energy expenditure in 100 AA and 100 NHW adolescent females. The effects on EI will be assessed in two contexts, the natural environment and under controlled conditions incorporating a standardized psychosocial stressor. Stress will be assessed in the natural environment as multiple domains (i.e., individual, family and social), and several indices of the HPA axis will be obtained to represent diurnal variation, its status over 12-15 weeks and reactivity to stress. Obesity- related parameters will be measured through anthropometry, fat distribution and cardio-metabolic biomarkers. Associations among stress, HPA activity/function, energy balance and obesity-related parameters will be compared between and within AA and NHW samples. In combination they will improve our understanding of the social factors and biobehavioral mechanisms of both racial and individual differences in obesity and facilitate the development of effective treatments within and across racial groups according to the principles of individualized medicine. To our knowledge, racial differences in objectively-measured diet intake and energy expenditure in response to stress, or their underlying physiological mechanisms, have not been assessed in adolescents or adults. This is an important knowledge gap in our efforts to develop better evidence-based translational obesity prevention and weight-control interventions as the traditional interventions are not effective with minority youth.

肥胖是美国最严重的公共健康问题之一；它的流行率在美国增加了两倍