Regulation of cytokinesis

摘要 胞质分裂，一个细胞物理分离成两个子细胞，是细胞分裂的最后阶段， 虽然它是最不好理解的，但它是发育和组织内稳态的核心。正确计时 胞质分裂，使它只发生后，染色体复制和分离是必要的，以防止 灾难性的基因组不稳定性，因此，胞质分裂与其他细胞周期密切相关， 事件利用一种强大的模式生物，裂殖酵母，我的实验室 进行了开创性的研究，以确定细胞分裂所必需的蛋白质，并了解如何无数 组成细胞分裂机制的蛋白质相互协调，以确保细胞在空间和时间上的精确分裂。 控制细胞分裂。我们建议继续开展工作，探讨这一领域的基本问题， 从两个方向进行多学科研究。在一个方向，我们将解决如何胞质分裂是夹带 有丝分裂的其他事件，通过调查缺陷，导致抑制胞质分裂时，有丝分裂纺锤体 被破坏，调节有丝分裂检查点的这个分支的CK 1酶如何被纺锤体激活 应力，以及CK 1信号是如何与其他途径整合在纺锤体极点。了解CK 1 有丝分裂检查点背景下的调节也将为此建立一般的调节机制。 酶家族，它们是保守的多功能激酶，在许多人类疾病中起作用。中 第二个方向，我们将推进我们对收缩环的组装和结构的理解 使用复杂的显微镜方法。我们将继续建立我们的知识的主要脚手架， 收缩环，F-BAR蛋白Cdc 15，通过定义它如何在质膜上寡聚化， 其他收缩环成分是如何在Cdc 15支架上组织的。我们还将测试我们的假设 多个细胞周期和极性激酶抑制Cdc 15支架的建立， 位置和时间，确保它只在有丝分裂期间在细胞中间组装。这些集中的机械 研究将辅以蛋白质组学和大规模遗传筛选，旨在建立一个 收缩环组件的功能相互作用网络。这些研究将产生重大影响 以了解胞质分裂是如何在真核生物物种从酵母到人类的编排。

Abstract Cytokinesis, the physical separation of one cell into two daughter cells, is the final stage of cell division, and although it is the least well understood, it is central to development and tissue homeostasis. Correctly timing cytokinesis so that it occurs only after chromosome replication and segregation is necessary to prevent catastrophic genomic instability, and accordingly, cytokinesis is strictly regulated in concert with other cell cycle events. Using a powerful model organism, the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, my lab has conducted pioneering research to identify proteins essential for cytokinesis and to learn how the myriad proteins that comprise the cell division machinery are coordinated to ensure the exquisite spatial and temporal control of cell division. We propose to continue our work pursuing fundamental questions in this field using a multi-disciplinary approach in two directions. In one direction, we will tackle how cytokinesis is entrained with other events of mitosis by investigating the defect that leads to inhibition of cytokinesis when the mitotic spindle is disrupted, how the CK1 enzymes that regulate this branch of the mitotic checkpoint are activated by spindle stress, and how CK1 signalling is integrated with other pathways at spindle poles. Understanding CK1 regulation in the context of the mitotic checkpoint will also establish general mechanisms of regulation for this enzyme family, which are conserved, multifunctional kinases with roles in numerous human diseases. In a second direction, we will advance our understanding of the assembly and architecture of the contractile ring using sophisticated microscopy approaches. We will continue to build our knowledge of the major scaffold of the contractile ring, the F-BAR protein Cdc15, by defining how it oligomerizes on the plasma membrane, and how other contractile ring components are organized on the Cdc15 scaffold. We will also test our hypothesis that multiple cell cycle and polarity kinases inhibit the establishment of the Cdc15 scaffold at inappropriate locations and times, ensuring it only assembles in the cell middle during mitosis. These focused mechanistic studies will be complemented with proteomic and large-scale genetic screens designed to establish a functional interaction network of contractile ring components. Together, these studies will have a major impact for understanding how cytokinesis is orchestrated in eukaryotic species from yeast to humans.