Cognitive control and sentence processing in aphasia

项目摘要 许多失语症患者在语言和执行功能方面都有困难。但这种关系 这两种类型的损伤之间的关系还没有很好的理解。语言和执行功能都是 由多种能力组成需要精确的、理论驱动的方法来确定 执行功能影响语言中的特定过程。这个项目将集中在句子 失语症患者的语言理解能力受损，影响患者的交际功能。正确 理解句子需要解析器解决指示的替代解释之间的冲突 通过不同的词汇语义和句法线索。这项拟议中的研究将检验以下假设： 认知控制是一种用于解决心理表征之间冲突的执行功能， 在句子理解中起着重要作用，有助于在相互竞争的解释中做出选择。健康 成人和失语症患者将使用行为和功能成像的组合进行测试， 技术.大型病例系列以及详细的患者病例研究将用于确定如何 认知控制障碍影响失语症患者的句子理解。研究1、2和3将确定 认知控制对包含冲突线索的句子理解的影响（具体目标 1）。研究1将在具有不同失语症特征的患者的病例系列中使用回归来解决这一目标。它 将使用行为测量来评估患者在一般认知控制任务中的表现， 预测他们对“冲突”句子的理解。研究2将使用在线眼动追踪， 电生理（ERP）措施，以确定认知控制障碍对检测的影响 以及在实时句子处理期间解决冲突。研究3将涉及选定的 语法不清的病人它将比较有和没有认知控制缺陷的无语法患者， 预测前一组在冲突句理解中将选择性地受到更多的损害。 研究4和研究5将探讨扩展到非规范句的理解， 具体目标2（Specific Aim 2）即使在解释线索不冲突的情况下， 逻辑学可能导致必须修正的“花园路径”解释。研究4将使用神经成像 （功能磁共振成像）和受试者内的共同定位，以测试非规范句子是否依赖于 与冲突句子的认知控制网络相同。研究5将使用选定患者的病例研究， 在没有认知控制缺陷的情况下，测试认知控制是否会影响从花园小径的恢复。 在失语症的非规范句子理解中。总之，这些研究将提高对 失语症和健康成人的句子处理。通过阐明认知控制在句子中的作用， 理解，他们将解决有关认知障碍如何影响失语症的语言问题。

PROJECT SUMMARY Many people with aphasia have difficulty with both language and executive functions. But the relationship between the two types of impairments is not well understood. Both language and executive functions are made up of multiple abilities. Precise, theory-driven approaches are needed to identify how particular executive functions impact particular processes within language. This project will focus on sentence comprehension, which is often impaired in aphasia and affects patients' communicative functions. Correctly understanding sentences requires the parser to resolve conflict between alternative interpretations indicated by different lexical, semantic, and syntactic cues. The proposed research will test the hypothesis that cognitive control, a type of executive function used to resolve conflict between mental representations, plays an important role in sentence comprehension by helping choose between competing interpretations. Healthy adults and patients with aphasia will be tested using a combination of behavioral and functional imaging techniques. Large case series as well as detailed case studies of patients will be used to establish how cognitive control impairments affect sentence comprehension in aphasia. Studies 1, 2 and 3 will determine the impact of cognitive control on the comprehension of sentences containing conflicting cues (Specific Aim 1). Study 1 will address this aim using regression in a case series of patients with diverse aphasia profiles. It will use behavioral measures to evaluate whether patients' performance in general cognitive control tasks predicts their comprehension of “conflict” sentences. Study 2 will use online eyetracking and electrophysiological (ERP) measures to establish the effect of cognitive control impairments on the detection and resolution of conflict during real-time sentence processing. Study 3 will involve case studies of selected agrammatic patients. It will compare agrammatic patients with and without cognitive control deficits to test the prediction that the former group will be selectively more impaired in conflict sentence comprehension. Studies 4 and 5 will expand the inquiry to the comprehension of noncanonical sentences without conflicting cues (Specific Aim 2). Even in cases where cues to interpretation do not conflict, the use of canonical parsing heuristics can lead to “garden-path” interpretations that have to be revised. Study 4 will use neuroimaging (fMRI) and within-subject co-localization in healthy adults to test whether noncanonical sentences rely on the same cognitive control networks as conflict sentences. Study 5 will use case studies of selected patients with and without cognitive control deficits to test whether cognitive control impacts recovery from garden-paths during noncanonical sentence comprehension in aphasia. Together, the studies will improve understanding of sentence processing in aphasia and in healthy adults. By clarifying the role of cognitive control in sentence comprehension, they will address questions about how cognitive impairments affect language in aphasia.