Multiscale imaging of marmoset cortex during visual object recognition and learning

摘要/摘要 类人灵长类动物(猴子、类人猿和人类)与它们在系统发育上最接近的物种是不同的 近亲(狐猴、树鼠和啮齿动物)通过对大脑皮层的阐述，包括大脑皮质的变化 大脑皮层回路的细胞组成。然而，我们对不同类型细胞的功能知之甚少 在类人型灵长类动物皮质中，部分原因是对工具的采用缓慢，而这些工具在 啮齿动物(特定细胞类型的光遗传学和成像)。本提议利用普通的绒猴，一种 皮质扁平的小型类人灵长类动物，可以直接采用细胞成像技术 啮齿动物。我们将开发(1)广域光学成像，用于收集大范围(5-10毫米)的2D地图 绒猴视皮层和(2)跨皮质柱内各层的快速体积双光子成像 (400微米^3音量采集)。我们将与光学工程师密切合作，开发出广泛的- 小鼠的场和体积双光子成像技术。作为这些方法在 绒猴，我们测量了绒猴的功能特性--对象选择性皮质，收集了广泛的视野 对象选择性的地图，随后是大脑皮层之间传递的信息的双光子成像 由标记的前馈和反馈投影单元确定的区域。因此，该项目构建了一个成像平台 启动长期研究计划，以了解不同类型的细胞在高度进化的 类人型灵长类动物的视觉皮质。

SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Anthropoid primates (monkeys, apes, and humans) are distinguished from their phylogenetically nearest relatives (lemurs, tree shrews, and rodents) by an elaboration of the cerebral cortex including changes in cellular composition of the cortical circuit. However, we know very little about the function of different cell types in the anthropoid primate cortex partly because of slow adoption of the tools that have been so successful in rodents (cell type-specific optogenetics and imaging). The present proposal utilizes the common marmoset, a small anthropoid primate with a flat cortex, that allows direct adoption of cellular imaging techniques from rodents. We will develop (1) wide-field optical imaging for collecting 2D maps across large swaths (5-10 mm) of the marmoset visual cortex and (2) fast, volumetric two-photon imaging across layers within a cortical column (400 microns^3 volume acquisition). We will collaborate closely with optical engineers who developed wide- field and volumetric two-photon imaging techniques in mice. As a first application of these methods in the marmoset, we measure the functional properties of marmoset object-selective cortex, collecting wide-field maps of object selectivity followed by two-photon imaging of the information communicated between cortical areas by labeled feedforward and feedback projection cells. This project thus builds an imaging platform for launching a long-term research program to understand the role of different cell types in the highly evolved visual cortex of anthropoid primates.