Stress Response, Cognitive Control & "Real Time" Rumination: Shared Mechanisms Underlying Substance Use and Depression

压力反应、认知控制

• 批准号: 9979817
• 负责人: Chrystal Vergara-Lopez
• 金额: $ 19.22万
• 依托单位: MIRIAM HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-01 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9979817
• 关键词: Address; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Attention; Cannabis; Clinical; Clinical Sciences; Cognitive; Collection; Data; Data Collection; Development; Drug usage; Ecological momentary assessment; Emotional; Environment; Etiology; Exhibits; Female; Gender; Goals; Grant; Hydrocortisone; Individual; Individual Differences; Laboratories; Manuscripts; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Mentors; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Pathway interactions; Preventive Intervention; Process; Protocols documentation; Psyche structure; Psychologist; Psychopathology; Public Health; Recovery; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Salivary; Sampling; Smoker; Smoking; Sorting - Cell Movement; Stress; Stressful Event; Testing; Thinking; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Training; Trier Social Stress Test; Writing; base; biological adaptation to stress; career; cognitive capacity; cognitive control; computerized; depressive symptoms; emerging adult; experience; gender difference; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; male; mortality; neurobiological mechanism; programs; recruit; response; skills; smartphone Application; statistics; stressor; theories; young woman

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The goal of this Mentored Clinical Scientist Research Development Award (K08) is to train the candidate in theory, methodology, and statistics. This training will prepare the candidate for a career as an independent investigator. The candidate will develop expertise needed to launch a program of research examining shared mechanisms underlying gender specific pathways to substance use and psychopathology co-occurrence. To facilitate this overarching goal, the proposed K08 project will focus on identifying shared etiological vulnerabilities for tobacco use and depression among emerging adult females. Research on this topic is timely given that, while historically males have had higher reported rates of tobacco use than females, the gender gap in tobacco use is closing (especially among emerging adults ages18-26). Thus, understanding the underlying mechanisms that influence young women to use tobacco is an important public health concern. Two issues complicate female tobacco use: 1) there is a high degree of polysubstance use (most notably, alcohol and/or cannabis); and 2) female smokers are over twice as likely to exhibit depression (relative to male smokers). Studies that fail to account for polysubstance use and co-occurring depression may have limited public health impact, as results may not be generalizable. The research proposed in this K08 application seeks to elucidate the underpinnings of co-occurring substance use and depression by: 1) identifying proximal shared or transdiagnostic risk factors; and 2) exploring how these risk factors unfold in the natural environment. Specifically, individual differences in response to stress and cognitive control are hypothesized to predict both substance use and depressive symptoms; and these effects are expected to be mediated through rumination (repetitive negative thinking; an understudied process in the substance use field) among females, but not males. Original data collection is proposed to sample a hundred and six 18-26 year-old substance using emerging adults who will participate in: a laboratory baseline assessment followed by intensive ecological sampling methods. At baseline: 1) stress response will be assessed via a laboratory stress paradigm with collection of salivary cortisol; and 2) a computerized assessment of cognitive control will be conducted. After baseline, a 30-day smartphone application-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol will be used to assess “real-time” rumination, substance use (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis), and depressive symptoms. This K08 will provide the candidate with mentored research experience to acquire new skills in: 1) Theory (broad substance use models); 2) Methodology (administration of a laboratory stressor; EMA data collection); and 3) Statistics (EMA analyses); as well as 4) Professional Development (manuscripts & grant writing). Results will be used as pilot data for a R01 application that will aim to identify gender specific etiological pathways in the emergence of co-occurring substance use and broad psychopathological conditions. This line of research has the potential to inform etiologically driven gender-sensitive prevention and intervention efforts.

项目概要/摘要 指导临床科学家研究发展奖（K08）的目标是培训 理论、方法论和统计学候选人。该培训将为候选人的职业生涯做好准备 独立调查员。候选人将发展启动研究计划所需的专业知识 检查物质使用和精神病理学的性别特定途径背后的共同机制 同现。为了实现这一总体目标，拟议的 K08 项目将侧重于确定共享的 新兴成年女性烟草使用和抑郁症的病因学脆弱性。对此进行研究 鉴于历史上男性报告的烟草使用率高于女性，因此这个话题是及时的， 烟草使用方面的性别差距正在缩小（特别是在 18-26 岁的新兴成年人中）。因此，了解 影响年轻妇女使用烟草的根本机制是一个重要的公共卫生问题。 有两个问题使女性吸烟变得复杂：1) 多种物质的使用程度很高（最值得注意的是， 酒精和/或大麻）； 2) 女性吸烟者患抑郁症的可能性是男性吸烟者的两倍多 吸烟者）。未能解释多物质使用和同时发生的抑郁症的研究可能有限 公共卫生影响，因为结果可能无法推广。本 K08 申请中提出的研究旨在 通过以下方式阐明同时发生的物质使用和抑郁症的基础：1）确定近端共享的 或跨诊断风险因素； 2）探索这些风险因素如何在自然环境中显现。 具体来说，假设对压力和认知控制的个体差异可以预测两者 药物滥用和抑郁症状；这些影响预计将通过反思来调节 （重复的消极思维；物质使用领域的一个未充分研究的过程）在女性中，但不是 男性。原始数据收集建议使用 106 名 18-26 岁物质进行采样 将参加的新兴成年人：实验室基线评估，然后是强化生态学评估 抽样方法。在基线时：1）将通过实验室压力范式评估压力反应 唾液皮质醇的收集； 2) 将进行认知控制的计算机化评估。后 基线，为期 30 天的基于智能手机应用程序的生态瞬时评估 (EMA) 协议将 用于评估“实时”沉思、物质使用（烟草、酒精、大麻）和抑郁症状。 K08 将为候选人提供受指导的研究经验，以获取以下方面的新技能： 1) 理论 （广泛的物质使用模型）； 2) 方法（实验室压力源的管理；EMA 数据收集）； 3) 统计（EMA 分析）；以及 4) 专业发展（手稿和资助写作）。 结果将用作 R01 应用程序的试点数据，该应用程序旨在确定性别特异性病因 共同发生的物质使用和广泛的精神病理状况的出现途径。这条线 的研究有可能为病因驱动的性别敏感预防和干预工作提供信息。