Higher Precision Human and Mouse Transcriptomes

项目总结/摘要 据说，如果基因组代表了细胞可以表达的一组信息，那么转录组 代表细胞现在表达的信息转录组是转录物的主要读出。 它主要由mRNA、长链非编码RNA和microRNA组成。在生命的各个阶段， 在健康和疾病中，转录组的差异因果地定义和区分每种细胞类型和细胞 状态ENCODE联盟的使命是发现、绘制和定义所有基因及其调控基因。 元素因此，RNA-Seq数据和由此产生的转录组已经成为先前研究的重要组成部分。 我们的团队已经贡献了超过350种释放的poly（A）mRNA和microRNA， 项目的数据集。尽管这些数据很有价值，质量也很高，但新技术将使我们能够 产生了新一代的转录组，这些转录组的信息更加丰富和明确。具体地说， 它们能分辨出组成复杂组织的多种不同细胞类型， 数据中的异构体。他们定性地记录了长距离单分子剪接和末端加工， 我们提供了microRNA的伴随定量，以及发现它们通常没有记录的前体， RNA。最后，我们在体内绘制了整个转录组的RNA二级结构。我们建议为 300个新的、更高精度的转录组，包含这些测量类型及其集成分析。 这项研究的一部分集中在衰老的人类和小鼠上，这是一个整个生命周期的阶段，以前没有 在ENCODE中学习。相应的疾病成分将认知正常的老年人与 老年痴呆症的大脑和运动系统。 . .

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT It is said that if the genome represents the set of things that the cell could say, then the transcriptome represents the set of things that the cell is saying right now. The transcriptome is the primary read-out of the genome and is composed mainly of mRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and microRNAs. At all stages of life, in health and in disease, differences in the transcriptome causally define and distinguish each cell type and cell state. The mission of the ENCODE Consortium is to discover, map and define all genes and their regulatory elements. RNA-Seq data and the resulting transcriptomes have therefore been a prominent component of prior phases of ENCODE, and our groups have contributed over 350 released poly(A) mRNA and microRNA datasets for the project. Valuable and high quality as those data are, we are new technologies will allow us to produce a new generation of transcriptomes that are much more information rich and definitive. Specifically, they resolve the multiple different cell types that comprise complex tissues, and they resolve the molecular isoforms in the data. They qualitatively document long-range single molecule splicing and end processing and we provide companion quantification of microRNAs, plus discovery of their often-undocumented precursor RNAs. Finally, we map RNA secondary structure across the transcriptome in vivo. We propose to contribute 300 new, higher precision transcriptomes containing these measurement types and their integrated analysis. A portion of this study focuses on aging humans and mice, a whole life cycle stage that has not previously been studied in ENCODE. The corresponding disease component will contrast the cognitively normal old with Alzheimers dementia in the brain and in the motor system. . .