Using Subjective Well-Being Data to Monitor Changes in Health and Well-Being

 描述(申请人提供)：当科学被用来指导实践时，基于清晰概念化的仔细测量是智慧的开始。特别是，衡量人们做得有多好，是弄清楚改善人们生活的努力是否成功的基础。微观层面的成本效益分析和总体层面的国内生产总值在处理非市场商品方面面临严峻挑战。(成本效益分析和GDP都考虑了一些非市场商品，但忽略了许多其他商品。)这在监测老年人的幸福方面尤其重要，因为非市场商品，如健康、社会关系和休闲活动的乐趣，在晚年变得特别重要。这项建议的总体目标是为广泛使用主观幸福感(SWB)数据监测总体健康和幸福感的变化奠定更坚实的基础。虽然拟议的研究主要集中在理解主观幸福感数据以及如何最好地利用这些数据，但这项建议的基石是(1)开发关于多维主观幸福感的新数据来源，以及(2)开发一套方法和必要的补充数据，以将幸福感不同方面的主观幸福感数据汇总为整体幸福感衡量标准。这项建议建立在大量先前工作的基础上，以及国家投资局关于在与政策相关的框架中衡量主观幸福感的小组报告(Stone和Mackie，2013)的许多结论和建议。拟议研究的第一阶段(第1-2年)侧重于了解和改进SWB问题(特别是在健康方面)以及将答复汇总为总体措施的方法。第二阶段(第2至第5年)的重点是创建和开发网络小组，有两波关于幸福感的大量维度水平的数据。第一阶段的目的是使第二阶段的数据收集和后续分析的质量尽可能高。了解美国研究(UAS)将收集的许多SWB指标将包括目前主要调查中进行的所有常用SWB问题的版本，从而使直接比较成为可能。新的数据来源将来自UAS，这是一个相对较新的网络小组，由南加州大学的Arie Kapteyn创立，以及其他数据来源，包括新西兰政府正在计划的一项新西兰福祉调查。这些数据将公之于众。UAS和类似调查的一个重要优点是，不需要事先与UAS建立联系，任何认真的研究人员都可以很容易地安排收集额外的补充数据，就额外资金而言，费用是合理的。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): When science is used to inform practice, careful measurement based on clear conceptualization is the beginning of wisdom. In particular, gauging how well people are doing is basic to figuring out whether efforts to improve people's lives are succeeding. Cost-benefit analyses at the micro level and GDP at the aggregate level face serious challenges in dealing with non-market goods. (Both cost-benefit analyses and GDP account for some non-market goods but miss many others.) This matters particularly in monitoring the well-being of older individuals because non-market goods, such as health and the pleasure from social relationships and leisure-time activities, become especially important at later ages. The overall objective of this proposal is to lay a stronger foundation for extensive us of subjective well-being (SWB) data to monitor changes in overall health and well-being. While the proposed research focuses broadly on understanding SWB data and how it can best be used, the cornerstones of this proposal are (1) developing new sources of data on multidimensional SWB, and (2) developing a set of methods and the necessary complementary data to aggregate SWB data across different aspects of well-being into an overall measure of well-being. This proposal builds on a substantial body of prior work, as well as on many of the conclusions and recommendations of the report of the NIA's Panel on Measuring Subjective Well-Being in a Policy-Relevant Framework (Stone and Mackie, 2013). Phase 1 (Years 1-2) of the proposed research is focused on understanding and improving SWB questions (especially in health dimensions) and methods for aggregating the responses into overall measures. Phase 2 (Years 2-5) is focused on creating and developing web panels, with two waves of data on the levels of a large number of dimensions of well-being. The purpose of Phase 1 is to make the quality of the data collection in Phase 2-and the subsequent analysis-as high as possible. The many SWB measures that will be collected on the Understanding America Study (UAS) will include versions of all the commonly used SWB questions currently carried on major surveys, making direct comparisons possible. The new data resources will be from the UAS, a relatively new web panel founded by Arie Kapteyn at USC, and other data sources, including a New Zealand well-being survey being planned by the government of New Zealand. The data would be publicly available. An important virtue of the UAS and similar surveys is that, without needing a prior connection to the UAS, any serious researcher can easily arrange to have additional complementary data collected, at a reasonable cost in terms of additional funding.