Light-Based Approaches to Effective and Sustainable Removal of Arsenic and Uranium from Drinking Water Sources

项目5摘要 哥伦比亚大学北方平原超级基金研究计划（CUNP-SRP）旨在减少风险暴露 砷（As）和铀（U），在北部和南部的部落土地上经常发现超过安全限度的砷和铀。 达科塔和其他地方。在这些地区，饮用水主要来自地下水。这种依赖往往 导致人们使用来自私人威尔斯井的未经处理或处理不充分的水，这些水不适合饮用。 社区供水系统（CWS）也使用地下水，通常无法将As和U污染限制在安全范围内。 尽管治疗水平。常规水处理对As和U的去除不足， 吸附其最丰富的形式在地下水，砷（三）和U（六），由于有限的吸附能力 媒体。重要的是，这些砷和铀暴露与心脏代谢疾病有关，心脏代谢疾病会对人体产生影响。 美国原住民的负担不成比例地高。项目5的总体目标是减少 使用新颖的使用点过滤和进入点处理系统的曝光， 通过同时氧化As和还原U来增强As和U的吸附。我们的技术是基于 高效的光合微生物电池，通过循环铁（Fe）产生反应性处理介质， 是去除地下水中化学污染的理想选择。这种方法利用了水的优势。 输入水和微生物群落的组成，通常含有还原形式的Fe（II）， 锰（Mn（II））和/或硝酸盐，以及（类）金属污染物。具体目标将针对 优化这种新型水处理技术的基本过程和必要的监测 以确保系统性能。在目标1中，培养基将通过利用天然微生物种群来产生 从地下水中，由光和储存在水中的化学能提供能量，以产生氧化铁 媒体在目标2中，将通过选择性和非均相的生物降解来获得增强的治疗， 同时可以将地下水污染物还原和氧化成较难溶解的形式。在目标3中，我们将开发 并在处理系统中集成实时水质监测器，以确保系统执行以下操作： 该系统能够在系统故障之前提醒用户和/或水处理公司。每个目标 目标是开发商业上可行的产品。本项目修复地下水中的砷和铀， 超级基金场地的常见污染物和美国一些最广泛的污染物，特别是 在农村社区。这些补救办法将于2009年在北方平原进行测试和实施。 受砷和/或铀影响的饮用水地区。实施将使我们能够试点使用这种新的治疗方法 该方法适用于广泛的水组成和典型的使用模式。最终，新的水 本项目开发的修复技术有望提供一种可行有效的手段， 减少我们目标社区和其他高危人群饮用水污染的潜在危害 人口，包括超级基金和其他危险场所附近的社区。

Project 5 Summary The Columbia University Northern Plains Superfund Research Program (CUNP-SRP) seeks to reduce exposure to arsenic (As) and uranium (U), frequently found in excess of safe limits on tribal lands in North and South Dakota and elsewhere. In these areas, drinking water is primarily derived from groundwater. This reliance often results in people using untreated or insufficiently treated water from private wells that is unfit for consumption. Community water systems (CWSs) also use groundwater and often fail to limit As and U contamination to safe levels despite treatment. Inadequate removal of As and U by conventional water treatment stems from the limited adsorption of their most abundant forms in groundwater, As(III) and U(VI), and due to the limited sorption capacity of media. Importantly, these As and U exposures are associated with cardiometabolic disease, which exerts a disproportionately high burden in Native American populations. The overall goal of Project 5 is to decrease exposure using novel point-of-use filtration and point-of-entry treatment systems that use light to create media and enhance As and U sorption by simultaneously oxidizing As and reducing U. Our technology is based on an efficient, photosynthetic microbial battery that generates reactive treatment media by cycling iron (Fe), which is ideal to remove chemical contamination from groundwater. This approach takes advantage of the aqueous composition of input water and microbial communities, which often contain reduced forms of Fe(II) and manganese (Mn(II)) and/or nitrate, in addition to metal(loid) contaminants. Specific aims will address the underlying processes to optimize this novel water treatment technology and the necessary monitoring needed to ensure system performance. In Aim 1, media will be generated by harnessing natural microbial populations from groundwater that are powered by light and the chemical energy stored within water to create Fe oxide media. In Aim 2, enhanced treatment will be obtained through heterogeneous photocatalysis that selectively and simultaneously can reduce and oxidize groundwater contaminants to less soluble forms. In Aim 3, we will develop and integrate a real-time, water quality monitor in the treatment system to ensure that the system performs to specifications and to be able to alert the user and/or water treatment company before the system fails. Each aim targets development of a commercially viable product. This project remediates As and U in groundwater, common contaminants at Superfund sites and some of the most widespread contaminants in the US, especially in rural communities. These remediation approaches will be tested and implemented in the Northern Plains in areas with As and/or U affected drinking water. Implementation will allow us to pilot the use of this novel treatment method under a wide range of water compositions and with typical use patterns. Ultimately, the novel water remediation technologies developed in this project are expected to provide a feasible and effective means to reduce potentially harmful exposures to drinking water contamination in our target communities and other at-risk populations, including communities near Superfund and other hazardous sites.