Light-Based Approaches to Effective and Sustainable Removal of Arsenic and Uranium from Drinking Water Sources

项目5摘要 哥伦比亚大学北部平原超级基金研究计划(CUNP-SRP)寻求减少风险敞口 砷(As)和铀(U)，在北方和南方的部落土地上经常发现超过安全限量 达科他州和其他地方。在这些地区，饮用水主要来自地下水。这种依赖经常 导致人们使用来自私人水井的未经处理或处理不足的水，不适合饮用。 社区供水系统(CWSS)也使用地下水，通常不能将砷和铀的污染限制在安全范围内 尽管接受了治疗，但水平仍然很高。常规水处理对砷和铀的去除不足源于 其最丰富的形态在地下水中的吸附，As(III)和U(VI)，由于吸附能力有限 媒体。重要的是，这些砷和铀暴露与心脏代谢性疾病有关，后者会产生一种 美洲原住民的负担不成比例地高。项目5的总体目标是减少 使用新型使用点过滤和入口点处理系统的曝光，该系统使用光来创建介质 并通过同时氧化As和还原U来增强As和U的吸收。我们的技术基于 高效的光合作用微生物电池，通过循环铁(Fe)产生活性处理介质，铁是 是去除地下水中化学污染的理想选择。这种方法利用了水溶液 输入水和微生物群落的组成，通常含有还原形式的Fe(II)和 除金属(Loid)污染物外，还有锰(Mn(II))和/或硝酸盐。具体目标将解决 优化这种新型水处理技术的基本流程和所需的必要监测 以确保系统性能。在目标1中，将通过利用自然微生物种群来产生介质 从由光驱动的地下水和储存在水中的化学能产生氧化铁 媒体。在目标2中，将通过多相光催化获得强化治疗，该多相光催化选择性地和 同时可以减少和氧化地下水污染物到较难溶解的形式。在目标3中，我们将开发 并在处理系统中集成实时水质监控器，以确保系统执行 并能够在系统故障之前向用户和/或水处理公司发出警报。每个目标 目标是开发商业上可行的产品。该项目修复地下水中的砷和铀， 超级基金网站上的常见污染物以及美国一些最普遍的污染物，特别是 在农村社区。这些补救方法将于#年在北部平原进行测试和实施。 含砷和/或铀的地区饮用水受到影响。实施将使我们能够试行使用这种新的治疗方法 方法水组成范围广，具有典型的使用模式。最终，新奇的水 预计该项目开发的补救技术将提供可行和有效的手段 在我们的目标社区和其他高危社区减少对饮用水污染的潜在有害暴露 人口，包括超级基金和其他危险地点附近的社区。

Project 5 Summary The Columbia University Northern Plains Superfund Research Program (CUNP-SRP) seeks to reduce exposure to arsenic (As) and uranium (U), frequently found in excess of safe limits on tribal lands in North and South Dakota and elsewhere. In these areas, drinking water is primarily derived from groundwater. This reliance often results in people using untreated or insufficiently treated water from private wells that is unfit for consumption. Community water systems (CWSs) also use groundwater and often fail to limit As and U contamination to safe levels despite treatment. Inadequate removal of As and U by conventional water treatment stems from the limited adsorption of their most abundant forms in groundwater, As(III) and U(VI), and due to the limited sorption capacity of media. Importantly, these As and U exposures are associated with cardiometabolic disease, which exerts a disproportionately high burden in Native American populations. The overall goal of Project 5 is to decrease exposure using novel point-of-use filtration and point-of-entry treatment systems that use light to create media and enhance As and U sorption by simultaneously oxidizing As and reducing U. Our technology is based on an efficient, photosynthetic microbial battery that generates reactive treatment media by cycling iron (Fe), which is ideal to remove chemical contamination from groundwater. This approach takes advantage of the aqueous composition of input water and microbial communities, which often contain reduced forms of Fe(II) and manganese (Mn(II)) and/or nitrate, in addition to metal(loid) contaminants. Specific aims will address the underlying processes to optimize this novel water treatment technology and the necessary monitoring needed to ensure system performance. In Aim 1, media will be generated by harnessing natural microbial populations from groundwater that are powered by light and the chemical energy stored within water to create Fe oxide media. In Aim 2, enhanced treatment will be obtained through heterogeneous photocatalysis that selectively and simultaneously can reduce and oxidize groundwater contaminants to less soluble forms. In Aim 3, we will develop and integrate a real-time, water quality monitor in the treatment system to ensure that the system performs to specifications and to be able to alert the user and/or water treatment company before the system fails. Each aim targets development of a commercially viable product. This project remediates As and U in groundwater, common contaminants at Superfund sites and some of the most widespread contaminants in the US, especially in rural communities. These remediation approaches will be tested and implemented in the Northern Plains in areas with As and/or U affected drinking water. Implementation will allow us to pilot the use of this novel treatment method under a wide range of water compositions and with typical use patterns. Ultimately, the novel water remediation technologies developed in this project are expected to provide a feasible and effective means to reduce potentially harmful exposures to drinking water contamination in our target communities and other at-risk populations, including communities near Superfund and other hazardous sites.