Early Responses to Influenza A Virus Replication In Vivo

项目摘要 甲型流感病毒是一种季节性病原体，具有不可预测地导致毁灭性大流行的潜力。 流感在呼吸道内具有广泛的嗜性，感染许多不同的上皮细胞亚群。 这些上皮细胞是流感感染的主要目标，负责扩增和 传播感染这些细胞也是检测病毒和启动抗病毒免疫的关键哨兵 应答由于很难快速标记受感染的细胞，因此很难确定早期复制事件 感染后此外，病毒在肺内传播，使其难以解开低复制 新感染的水平。为了克服这些注意事项，我们使用了一个单循环报告系统， 标记受感染的细胞，并仅限于第一种受感染的细胞类型。我们的初步数据表明， 支持不同水平的病毒复制表达不同的干扰素刺激基因组。这些数据 证明抗病毒反应是根据复制水平调整的。使用顺序感染策略 其中单循环病毒表达离散的荧光团以特异性标记初级和次级 我们已经证明，纤毛上皮细胞在第二次感染时受到特异性保护， 病毒复制的浪潮。这些数据表明，病毒的嗜性明显受先天免疫的影响。 病毒传播期间的反应。本研究的目的是确定抑制 流感病毒复制，并确定病毒嗜性在先天免疫应答过程中如何改变， vivo.我们的中心假设是，细胞对感染的反应是根据病毒感染的阶段而定制的。 复制和感染的轮数影响总体病毒复制水平和细胞嗜性。我们 研究将通过使用报告病毒的组合来解决这一假设， 复制的程度、阶段和轮数，以阐明体内基本的抗病毒过程。我们将解决 这个假设有两个目的。目的1将是确定不同水平的复制如何诱导独特的ISG 以及所产生的效应蛋白在抗病毒反应中的作用。目标2将侧重于阐明 病毒传播过程中上皮细胞亚群的保护机制。该提案的结果将揭示 病毒-宿主相互作用和抗病毒免疫的基本机制。

Project Summary Influenza A virus is a seasonal pathogen with the potential to unpredictably cause devastating pandemics. Influenza has a broad tropism within the respiratory tract infecting many different subsets of epithelial cells. These epithelial cells are the primary target of influenza infection and are responsible for amplifying and spreading the infection. These cells are also critical sentinels detecting the virus and initiating antiviral immune responses. It is difficult to determine early replication events because it is hard to label infected cells rapidly after infection. Additionally, the virus spreads within the lung making it difficult to disentangle low replication levels from new infections. To overcome these caveats, we used a single cycle reporter system that robustly labels infected cells and is restricted to the first cell types infected. Our preliminary data demonstrate that cells supporting different levels of virus replication express distinct sets of interferon-stimulated genes. These data demonstrate that the antiviral response is tuned to level of replication. Using a sequential infection strategy where the single cycle viruses express discrete fluorophores to specifically label primary and secondary infected cells we have demonstrated that ciliated epithelial cells are specifically protected during the second wave of virus replication. These data demonstrate that virus tropism is significantly shaped by innate immune responses during virus dissemination. The objective of this research is to determine responses that inhibit influenza virus replication and to determine how virus tropism is altered during innate immune responses in vivo. Our central hypothesis is that cellular responses to infection become tailored to the stages of viral replication and the round of infection which impacts overall viral replication levels and cellular tropism. Our studies will address this hypothesis through use of a combination of reporter viruses that can determine the degree, stage, and round of replication to elucidate fundamental antiviral processes in vivo. We will address this hypothesis in two aims. Aim 1 will be to determine how varying levels of replication induce unique ISGs and the role of the resulting effector proteins in the antiviral response. Aim 2 will focus on elucidating the mechanisms of protection of epithelial cell subsets during virus spread. Results from this proposal will uncover fundamental mechanisms in virus-host interactions and antiviral immunity.