Social Epidemiology of COVID-19

COVID-19 的社会流行病学

• 批准号: 10363667
• 负责人: Eugene Thomas Richardson
• 金额: $ 18.79万
• 依托单位: HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-03-06 至 2023-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10363667
• 关键词: 2019-nCoV; Address; Advisory Committees; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Anthropology; Award; Biometry; COVID-19; COVID-19 impact; COVID-19 vaccine; Caregivers; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); China; Classification; Clinical; Clinical Research; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Containment; Country; Data; Development; Disease Outbreaks; Ebola virus; Effectiveness; Elements; Emerging Communicable Diseases; Epidemiologic Factors; Epidemiologist; Epidemiology; Ethnography; Event; Failure; Future; Goals; Health Personnel; Healthcare; Herd Immunity; Human; Immunologics; Infection; Infection Control; Infection prevention; Institutes; Interview; Investigation; K-Series Research Career Programs; Leadership; Learning; Liberia; Liberian; Longitudinal Studies; Low income; Mentors; Patients; Physicians; Play; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Population; Province; Public Health; Public Health Schools; Recommendation; Relaxation; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Resource-limited setting; Reverse Transcription; Risk Assessment; Role; SARS-CoV-2 infection; SARS-CoV-2 transmission; Seroprevalences; Social Distance; Surveys; Testing; Time; Training; Update; career; design; disease transmission; experience; farmer; global health; health care settings; improved; medical schools; novel coronavirus; novel strategies; pandemic disease; prevent; public health intervention; public health relevance; response; scale up; serosurveillance; social; social culture; social epidemiology; social factors; success; transmission process; vaccine distribution; viral detection; viral transmission; virology

Modified Project Summary/Abstract Section Dr. Richardson is an infectious disease physician with doctoral training in anthropology who is establishing himself as a young investigator in clinical and social scientific research of emerging infectious diseases such as Ebola virus and SARS-CoV-2. This K08 award will provide Dr. Richardson with the support necessary to accomplish the following goals: (1) to conduct clinical and social scientific investigations of COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa; (2) to learn to design more effective containment strategies for emerging infectious diseases by integrating rigorous ethnographic and epidemiological evidence; (3) to become an expert in the social epidemiology of emerging infectious diseases in low-income settings; and (4) to develop an independent clinical research career. Dr. Richardson has a strong background in clinical infectious diseases and anthropology. This career development award will enable him to address several remaining gaps in the training specific to his career goals. Specifically, he seeks advanced training in (1) epidemiology and (2) biostatistics and will accomplish through coursework at the Harvard School of Public Health. To further achieve his training goals, Dr. Richardson has assembled a mentoring team comprised of: Primary mentors: Dr. Paul Farmer, who conducts anthropological global health research, and Dr. Ichiro Kawachi, a world renown expert in social epidemiology; Advisers: Dr. Megan Murray, an expert in infectious disease transmission dynamics, Dr. Mosoka Fallah, Director of the National Public Health Institute of Liberia (NPHIL), and Dr. Phyllis Kanki, who has decades of virology experience in West Africa. The novel coronavirus which causes COVID-19 was first reported in Hubei Province, China in December 2019. In the ensuing 4 months, the outbreak spread to nearly every country in the world. The arrack rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) suggests that 50-60% or more of the global population may become infected as it assumed that nearly all are immunologically naïve. Despite the rapid development of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for detection of virus in infected patients, many questions remain about SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and transmission dynamics. This is because many infected cases remain asymptomatic albeit contagious. Moreover, many symptomatic infections go undetected on account of the slow scale-up of RT-PCR testing. These dynamics have their greatest ramifications for healthcare settings, since healthcare workers are one of the few populations that cannot practice social distancing. It is important to know the attack rate in these groups in order to improve infection prevention and control and decrease nosocomial transmission of the virus. This becomes more important in resource-constrained settings, where optimal PPE stocks are difficult to come by. Novel strategies for healthcare interactions may need to be developed in such cases. Accordingly, this study will determine the proportion of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and the attack rate amongst African healthcare workers in various settings through serosurveillance (Aim 1). It will also evaluate the role of social and epidemiologic factors in the acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Aim 2). This research will form the basis for a longitudinal study of the impact of herd immunity and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine rollouts on future pandemic waves.

修改后的项目摘要/摘要部分 Richardson 博士是一位传染病医生，接受过人类学博士学位培训，正在将自己定位为埃博拉病毒和 SARS-CoV-2 等新兴传染病的临床和社会科学研究的年轻研究者。该 K08 奖项将为理查森博士提供实现以下目标所需的支持：(1) 在撒哈拉以南非洲地区开展针对 COVID-19 的临床和社会科学研究； (2) 学习通过整合严格的人种学和流行病学证据来设计更有效的新发传染病遏制策略； (3) 成为低收入环境中新发传染病社会流行病学专家； (4)发展独立的临床研究事业。理查森博士在临床传染病和人类学方面拥有深厚的背景。该职业发展奖将使他能够解决针对其职业目标的培训中剩余的几个空白。具体来说，他寻求（1）流行病学和（2）生物统计学方面的高级培训，并将通过哈佛大学公共卫生学院的课程完成。为了进一步实现他的培训目标，Richardson博士组建了一个导师团队，成员包括： 主要导师：进行人类学全球健康研究的Paul Farmer博士和世界著名社会流行病学专家Ichiro Kawachi博士；顾问：传染病传播动力学专家Megan Murray博士、利比里亚国家公共卫生研究所（NPHIL）所长Mosoka Fallah博士和在西非拥有数十年病毒学经验的Phyllis Kanki博士。导致 COVID-19 的新型冠状病毒于 2019 年 12 月在中国湖北省首次报告。在接下来的 4 个月内，疫情蔓延到世界上几乎每个国家。严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 的发病率表明，全球 50-60% 或更多的人口可能会被感染，因为假设几乎所有人都是免疫学上的幼稚者。尽管用于检测感染患者病毒的实时逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT-PCR) 检测技术迅速发展，但有关 SARS-CoV-2 血清流行率和传播动力学的许多问题仍然存在。这是因为许多感染病例尽管具有传染性，但仍然无症状。此外，由于 RT-PCR 检测规模扩大缓慢，许多有症状的感染未被发现。这些动态对医疗保健环境影响最大，因为医护人员是少数无法保持社交距离的人群之一。了解这些人群的发病率对于改善感染预防和控制并减少病毒的医院传播非常重要。这在资源有限的环境中变得更加重要，因为很难获得最佳的个人防护用品库存。在这种情况下，可能需要制定医疗保健互动的新策略。因此，本研究将通过血清监测确定不同环境下非洲医护人员中无症状 SARS-CoV-2 感染的比例和发病率（目标 1）。它还将评估社会和流行病学因素在 SARS-CoV-2 感染中的作用（目标 2）。这项研究将为纵向研究群体免疫和 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗的推出对未来大流行浪潮的影响奠定基础。

项目成果

SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in Sierra Leone, March 2021: a cross-sectional, nationally representative, age-stratified serosurvey.

塞拉利昂的SARS-COV-2抗体患病率，2021年3月：横断面，全国代表性，年龄分层的血清疗法。

• DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007271
• 发表时间: 2021-11
• 期刊: BMJ global health
• 影响因子: 8.1
• 作者: Barrie MB;Lakoh S;Kelly JD;Kanu JS;Squire JS;Koroma Z;Bah S;Sankoh O;Brima A;Ansumana R;Goldberg SA;Chitre S;Osuagwu C;Frankfurter R;Maeda J;Barekye B;Numbere TW;Abdulaziz M;Mounts A;Blanton C;Singh T;Samai M;Vandi M;Richardson ET
• 通讯作者: Richardson ET

On the coloniality of global public heath.

• DOI: 10.17157/mat.6.4.761
• 发表时间: 2019-12-16
• 期刊: Medicine anthropology theory
• 作者: Richardson, Eugene T