The Role of Discrimination in Substance Use and Help Seeking among Hispanics and African Americans

西班牙裔和非裔美国人在药物使用和寻求帮助方面的歧视作用

• 批准号: 10362547
• 负责人: Laura Acosta
• 金额: $ 4.55万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-05-01 至 2024-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10362547
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; African; African American; African American population; Alcohol consumption; Americas; Amphetamines; Area; Attitude; Automobile Driving; Award; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Caring; Centers of Research Excellence; Cocaine; Collection; Data; Development; Discrimination; Drug Addiction; Drug usage; Ecological momentary assessment; Effectiveness; Evaluation; Fellowship; Florida; Funding; Generations; Goals; Grant; Hispanic; Hispanic Americans; Hispanic Populations; Intention; International; Interview; Knowledge; Lead; Left; Longevity; Mediating; Medical; Mental Health; Methamphetamine; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Nebraska; Opioid; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Persons; Physiological; Policies; Population; Preparation; Privacy; Procedures; Process; Public Health; Recovery; Research; Research Training; Risk; Role; Rural drug addiction; Smoking; Source; South Carolina; Stress; Substance Use Disorder; Surveys; Time; Training; Treatment Effectiveness; Universities; Urinalysis; Yawning; career; cocaine use; cohort; contextual factors; craving; demographics; effective intervention; ethnic discrimination; experience; health disparity; help-seeking behavior; improved; intervention program; member; mobile computing; negative affect; nicotine use; novel; perceived discrimination; physical conditioning; programs; racial discrimination; recruit; reduced substance use; resilience; rural Hispanic; rural area; rural dwellers; rural setting; service utilization; skills; social; stressor; substance use; substance use treatment

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Despite similar rates of illicit substance use, Hispanics and African-Americans utilize services at far fewer rates than Whites, and less than 8% of Hispanics and African-Americans with substance use disorder perceive their substance use as problematic. Such disparities demonstrate the clear need to outline the dynamic and specific processes that contribute to substance use and recovery among both populations. The proposed project builds on well-established research suggesting that negative affect and craving are the two strongest predictors of short-term substance use and intention to quit, a vital component of recovery. Discrimination is also a reliable predictor of stress and negative affect, but — despite its potentially critical role in predicting alcohol use and smoking — has been infrequently examined in substance use research with Hispanics and African-Americans. Discrimination may also reduce formal help seeking for substance use due to anticipated discrimination in receiving care; further, anticipated discrimination may be magnified in rural areas where treatment options are limited, and privacy concerns are heightened. These factors are unexplored in substance use with Hispanic and African-American populations, particularly in rural areas. Therefore, the long-term goal of the proposed project is to elucidate the linkages between discrimination, substance use, intentions to quit, and help seeking among rural Hispanics and African-Americans. To achieve this, the project will build from ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods, which conducts real-time, “in-the-moment” assessments through mobile technology. Completing the proposed project under this fellowship award will allow the applicant to acquire unique research and training experiences beyond those that they would normally obtain in their doctoral training and apply this understanding to the development and evaluation of culturally adapted intervention programs, and potentially influence health disparity policy changes. Specifically, successful funding of this training grant will result in completion of the above project and the following goals of the applicant: 1) acquire knowledge on the contextual factors driving substance use and recovery in Hispanic and African-American populations; 2) gain knowledge in the collection and implementation of methodologies for determining person-in-context interactions in substance use research (e.g., EMA) 3) obtain advanced statistical skills in models relevant to my proposed research program of identifying mechanisms that drive disparities, and 4) attain further knowledge and skills in grant preparation. Training will primarily take place at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Florida International University, and the Medical University of South Carolina. The proposed research directly addresses components of NIDA’s strategic goals, in that it helps “characterize the…social, environmental, and developmental factors that mediate risk and resilience for drug use and addiction.”

项目摘要/摘要 尽管非法药物使用率相似，但西班牙裔和非裔美国人以较少的速度使用服务 比白人，不到8％的西班牙裔和非洲裔美国人患有药物使用障碍 物质用作问题。这种差异表明了概述动态和特定的明确需求 在两个人群中有助于物质使用和恢复的过程。拟议的项目构建 关于公认的研究表明，负面影响和渴望是 短期药物使用和戒烟的意图，这是恢复的重要组成部分。歧视也是可靠的 压力和负面影响的预测指标，但 - dospite在预测酒精使用和 吸烟 - 在西班牙裔和非裔美国人的药物使用研究中很少检查。 歧视还可以减少正式的帮助，以寻求因预期歧视而引起的物质使用 接受护理；此外，预期的歧视可能会在治疗选择的粗糙区域放大 有限和隐私问题加剧。这些因素与西班牙裔有关的物质使用是出乎意料的 和非裔美国人的人口，尤其是在粗糙地区。因此，提议的长期目标 项目将阐明歧视，物质使用，戒烟的意图之间的联系 在粗糙的西班牙裔和非裔美国人中。为了实现这一目标，该项目将由生态学建立 瞬时评估（EMA）方法，通过实时进行实时的“矩”评估 移动技术。根据本奖学金裁决完成拟议项目将允许申请人 除了他们通常会获得的独特研究和培训经验 博士培训并将这种理解应用于对文化适应的发展和评估 干预计划，并可能影响健康差异政策的变化。具体，成功 这项培训赠款的资金将导致上述项目的完成以及以下目标 申请人：1）获取有关驱动西班牙裔药物使用和恢复和恢复的上下文因素的知识 非裔美国人人口； 2）在收集和实施方法方面获得知识 确定物质使用研究中的人相互作用（例如EMA）3）获得高级统计 与我提出的研究计划有关的模型技能，以识别推动分布的机制，以及 4）在赠款准备中获得进一步的知识和技能。培训将主要在大学 内布拉斯加州林肯，佛罗里达国际大学和南卡罗来纳州医科大学。提议 研究直接解决了NIDA战略目标的组成部分，因为它有助于“表征……社会， 环境和发展因素介导了对吸毒和成瘾的风险和韧性。”