Racial Stigma and Substance Use Vulnerability Among African American Young Adults: Examining Cognitive and Affective Mechanisms

非裔美国年轻人的种族耻辱和药物使用脆弱性：检查​​认知和情感机制

• 批准号: 10371350
• 负责人: Cristina Maria Risco
• 金额: $ 16.87万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2027-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10371350
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Affective; African American; African American population; Arousal; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Cognitive; Collaborations; Communities; Complex; Computers; Cues; Data; Development Plans; Emotional; Event; Event-Related Potentials; Exposure to; Face; Feedback; Frequencies; Imagery; Individual; Individual Differences; Intervention; Joints; Laboratories; Learning; Light; Link; Literature; Measurement; Measures; Medial; Mentors; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Negative Valence; Neurobiology; Outcome; Parietal; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Perception; Performance; Phase; Positive Valence; Process; Protocols documentation; Psychopathology; Recovery; Reporting; Research; Research Domain Criteria; Rewards; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Sampling; Stress; System; Time; Training; Work; base; behavioral health; career development; cognitive control; cognitive neuroscience; cue reactivity; design; executive function; experience; health disparity; heuristics; indexing; insight; member; multilevel analysis; neurophysiology; novel; preventive intervention; psychosocial stressors; public health priorities; racial and ethnic disparities; racial discrimination; racial identity; relating to nervous system; resilience; response; reward processing; skills; social stigma; stress reactivity; substance use; time use; vigilance; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY The current application aims to address racial/ethnic disparities in health experienced by African American young adults through the isolation of acute cognitive and affective mechanisms in the linkages between racial stigma, stress, and vulnerability to substance use. The extant literature provides critical observations of the link between self-reported racial discrimination and real- world risk behavior among African Americans. However, cognitive-neuroscience paradigms have been underutilized thus limiting our understanding of core cognitive and affective processes that underlie stress reactivity, recovery, and behavior in the immediate context of a racial stigma event—as well as factors that may amplify or mitigate acute effects. To address this need, we build on the cue reactivity and substance use literature to develop a racial-stigma, cue-focused task to drive event-related designs for assessing stigma-related change in brain systems involved in cue reactivity, executive function, and reward processing. This work has the potential to shed new light on (a) cognitive and affective processing of singular events of racial stigma (Aim 1) (b) how racial-stigma stress produces sustained changes in affective and regulatory processes (Aim 2) and (c) risk and resilience-promoting factors that moderate these processes (Aim 3). In the proposed K08 career development plan, the Candidate will undertake training to acquire core skills in cognitive-neuroscience approaches, based on electroencephalographic (EEG) event-related potential (ERP) measures, to assess underlying mechanisms of the stigma-stress-substance use pathway. These include conventional time- domain approaches (e.g. late positive potential; LPP), joint time-frequency EEG/ERP analysis of regional neural activation in amplitude (e.g. medial-frontal theta and centro-parietal delta), and how neurophysiological activity is coordinated into dynamic functional networks using time- frequency phase-synchrony approaches. Further, the Candidate will learn to utilize these approaches to index constructs that are consistent with emerging measurement domain frameworks, namely Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), which offer a heuristic for representing complex neurobiological systems. The RDoC constructs of focus are of key relevance to substance use and include negative valence and positive valence systems (affective) as well as cognitive control (regulatory). The utilization of cognitive-neuroscience measures and mapping to RDoC constructs will allow for the parsing of core cognitive and affective processes, enhance theoretical clarity and predictive utility of racial-adversity stress in the context of risk behavior, and ultimately provide more parsimonious intervention targets.

项目摘要 目前的申请旨在解决非洲人在健康方面经历的种族/民族差异， 美国年轻人通过急性认知和情感机制的隔离， 种族歧视、压力和对药物使用的脆弱性之间的联系。现存的文献 提供了自我报告的种族歧视和真实的- 非裔美国人的世界风险行为。然而，认知神经科学的范式 因此限制了我们对核心认知和情感的理解。 过程的基础压力反应，恢复，和行为的直接背景下， 种族污名事件，以及可能放大或减轻急性影响的因素。解决 这种需要，我们建立在线索反应和物质使用文献，以开发一个种族耻辱， 以线索为中心的任务驱动事件相关设计，用于评估大脑中与耻辱相关的变化 涉及线索反应、执行功能和奖励处理的系统。这项工作有 潜在的揭示新的光（a）认知和情感处理的单一事件的种族 污名（目标1）（B）种族污名压力如何产生情感和 监管过程（目标2）和（c）风险和促进因素，缓和这些 过程（目标3）。在建议的K 08职业发展计划中，候选人将承诺 培训以获得认知神经科学方法的核心技能， 脑电图（EEG）事件相关电位（ERP）测量，以评估潜在的 柱头-压力-物质利用途径的机制。其中包括传统的时间- 域方法（例如，晚正电位; LPP），联合时频EEG/ERP分析， 幅度上的区域神经激活（例如内侧-额叶θ和中央-顶叶δ），以及 神经生理活动是如何通过时间协调成动态功能网络的 频率相位同步方法。此外，候选人将学会利用这些 与新兴计量领域一致的指数结构方法 框架，即研究领域标准（RDoC），它提供了一种启发式的表示方法 复杂的神经生物学系统焦点的RDoC结构与以下方面具有关键相关性： 物质使用，包括负价和正价系统（情感），以及 认知控制（regulatory）。认知神经科学测量和绘图的应用 RDoC结构将允许解析核心认知和情感过程，增强 在风险行为的背景下，种族逆境压力的理论清晰度和预测效用， 并最终提供更简约的干预目标。