Ethnic Differences in the Effects of COVID on the Substance Use Behavior of Emerging Adults

新冠病毒对新兴成年人药物使用行为影响的种族差异

• 批准号: 10372861
• 负责人: Pallav Pokhrel
• 金额: $ 71.77万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2024-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10372861
• 关键词: Address; Adverse effects; Affect; Alcohols; Anxiety; Asian; Asian Pacific Islander; Asian population; Behavior; Businesses; COVID-19; COVID-19 impact; COVID-19 pandemic; COVID-19 pandemic effects; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chinese; Data; Data Collection; Disadvantaged; Event; Exposure to; Face; Filipino; Financial Hardship; Funding; Hawaii; Hawaiian; Health; Health Promotion; Illicit Drugs; Indigenous; Japanese; Knowledge; Lead; Life; Loneliness; Malignant Neoplasms; Marijuana; Mediating; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Modeling; Modern 1601-history; Morbidity - disease rate; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; Pacific Islands; Policy Maker; Population; Prevalence; Research; Research Design; Risk; Sampling; Scientist; Self Medication; Social isolation; Stress; Stress and Coping; Subgroup; Sum; Surveys; Testing; Tobacco; Vulnerable Populations; Woman; biological sex; cohort; coronavirus disease; demographics; drug use behavior; emerging adult; emerging adulthood; ethnic difference; health disparity; high risk; illicit drug use; innovation; interest; mortality risk; pandemic disease; perceived discrimination; post-COVID-19; psychosocial; recruit; response; social disadvantage; substance use; substance use prevention; symptomatology; theories; tobacco control; tobacco products

ABSTRACT Little is known about the adverse psychosocial impact of COVID-19 on demographic groups that are already facing significant health disparities. Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders (NHOPI), who are indigenous to Hawaii and other Pacific Islands, face significant health disparities, which often get overlooked because of NHOPI being combined with low-risk Asian groups in national studies. Compared with Asians, NHOPI are at markedly higher risk for mortality and morbidity due to cancer and cardiovascular disease. In addition, tobacco and other substance use prevalence among NHOPI is much higher than among Asians. This proposal seeks to examine ethnic differences in substance use behavior before and after the spread of COVID-19 across Asians and NHOPI, with reference to Whites. In addition, we will test a new model that attempts to explain the mechanisms of the potential increase in substance use post-COVID among emerging adults (18-29 year olds). Informed by the theories of stress-coping, self-medication, and emerging adulthood (EA), the central postulate of the model is that post-COVID increases in financial distress, EA stress, perceived discrimination, loneliness/social isolation, COVID-related anxieties, and negative life events result in increased generalized stress and poorer mental health among emerging adults, which in turn results in increased substance use (tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and illicit drugs). We hypothesize that NHOPI will show higher exposure to post-COVID financial distress, EA stress, COVID-related anxieties, loneliness, and negative life events, which will eventually lead to higher substance use among NHOPI. Our team has access to a cohort of emerging adults (N=2335; 55% women; 45% Asian, 20% NHOPI, 24% White, 11% Other) from Hawaii, originally recruited as part of research focused on tobacco control. Despite the tobacco focus, the study collected extensive data on other substance use behavior, mental health symptomatology, and EA attributes, which may be compared against post-COVID changes. We have collected 4 waves of pre-COVID data from the cohort in 6-month intervals. The 4th wave of data collection was completed in January 2020, approximately two months before the state of Hawaii halted all non-essential activities in response to the pandemic, including tourism, a mainstay of Hawaii’s economy. The decreased tourism and closure of businesses have resulted in Hawaii’s economy being one of the worst affected in the U.S. The current study plans to resume post-COVID data collection from the cohort for additional 6 waves. The first of the 6 waves is about to be launched in February-March 2021—approximately 1 year after the last pre-COVID survey—using institutional funds. The current proposal seeks to continue data collection every 6 month for 5 more waves. Across the 4 waves of pre- COVID data collection, we retained 89% of the baseline sample, almost all of whom have expressed interest for continued participation in the study. In sum, this study is significant for seeking to advance knowledge about the mechanisms of COVID-related health disparities and innovative for testing a new conceptual model.

抽象的 人们对 COVID-19 对以下人口群体的不利心理社会影响知之甚少 已经面临着巨大的健康差距。夏威夷原住民和其他太平洋岛民 (NHOPI) 夏威夷和其他太平洋岛屿的土著居民面临着巨大的健康差异，而这一点往往被忽视 因为 NHOPI 在国家研究中与低风险亚洲群体结合在一起。与亚洲人相比， NHOPI 因癌症和心血管疾病而死亡和发病的风险明显更高。在 此外，NHOPI 人群中的烟草和其他物质使用率远高于亚洲人。这 该提案旨在研究病毒传播前后物质使用行为的种族差异 亚洲人和 NHOPI 中的 COVID-19（针对白人）。此外，我们将测试一个新模型 试图解释新冠疫情后新兴人群物质使用潜在增加的机制 成人（18-29岁）。受到压力应对、自我药疗和成年初期理论的启发 (EA)，该模型的中心假设是，新冠疫情后，财务困境、EA 压力、感知到的财务困境增加 歧视、孤独/社会孤立、与新冠病毒相关的焦虑以及消极的生活事件导致增加 新兴成年人普遍存在压力和较差的心理健康状况，这反过来又导致 物质使用（烟草、酒精、大麻和非法药物）。我们假设 NHOPI 将表现出更高的 面临新冠疫情后的财务困境、EA 压力、与新冠疫情相关的焦虑、孤独和消极生活 事件，最终将导致 NHOPI 中物质使用量的增加。我们的团队可以接触到一批 来自夏威夷的新兴成年人（N=2335；55% 女性；45% 亚洲人，20% NHOPI，24% 白人，11% 其他）， 最初是作为烟草控制研究的一部分而招募的。尽管重点关注烟草，但该研究 收集了有关其他物质使用行为、心理健康症状和 EA 属性的大量数据， 这可以与新冠疫情后的变化进行比较。我们收集了 4 波新冠疫情前的数据 以 6 个月为间隔进行队列研究。第四波数据采集已于2020年1月完成，约 两个月前，夏威夷州停止了所有应对疫情的非必要活动，包括 旅游业是夏威夷的经济支柱。旅游业的减少和企业的倒闭导致 夏威夷的经济是美国受影响最严重的地区之一。当前的研究计划在新冠疫情后恢复 从队列中收集额外 6 波的数据。 6 波中的第一波即将在 2021 年 2 月至 3 月——上次新冠疫情前调查后大约 1 年——使用机构资金。这 目前的提案寻求继续每 6 个月收集一次数据，再收集 5 波。跨越4波预 COVID数据收集，我们保留了89%的基线样本，几乎所有人都表示有兴趣 继续参与研究。总而言之，本研究对于增进相关知识具有重要意义。 与新冠病毒相关的健康差异的机制以及测试新概念模型的创新。