Ethnic Differences in the Effects of COVID on the Substance Use Behavior of Emerging Adults

新冠病毒对新兴成年人药物使用行为影响的种族差异

• 批准号: 10372861
• 负责人: Pallav Pokhrel
• 金额: $ 71.77万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2024-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10372861
• 关键词: Address; Adverse effects; Affect; Alcohols; Anxiety; Asian; Asian Pacific Islander; Asian population; Behavior; Businesses; COVID-19; COVID-19 impact; COVID-19 pandemic; COVID-19 pandemic effects; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chinese; Data; Data Collection; Disadvantaged; Event; Exposure to; Face; Filipino; Financial Hardship; Funding; Hawaii; Hawaiian; Health; Health Promotion; Illicit Drugs; Indigenous; Japanese; Knowledge; Lead; Life; Loneliness; Malignant Neoplasms; Marijuana; Mediating; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Modeling; Modern 1601-history; Morbidity - disease rate; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; Pacific Islands; Policy Maker; Population; Prevalence; Research; Research Design; Risk; Sampling; Scientist; Self Medication; Social isolation; Stress; Stress and Coping; Subgroup; Sum; Surveys; Testing; Tobacco; Vulnerable Populations; Woman; biological sex; cohort; coronavirus disease; demographics; drug use behavior; emerging adult; emerging adulthood; ethnic difference; health disparity; high risk; illicit drug use; innovation; interest; mortality risk; pandemic disease; perceived discrimination; post-COVID-19; psychosocial; recruit; response; social disadvantage; substance use; substance use prevention; symptomatology; theories; tobacco control; tobacco products

ABSTRACT Little is known about the adverse psychosocial impact of COVID-19 on demographic groups that are already facing significant health disparities. Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders (NHOPI), who are indigenous to Hawaii and other Pacific Islands, face significant health disparities, which often get overlooked because of NHOPI being combined with low-risk Asian groups in national studies. Compared with Asians, NHOPI are at markedly higher risk for mortality and morbidity due to cancer and cardiovascular disease. In addition, tobacco and other substance use prevalence among NHOPI is much higher than among Asians. This proposal seeks to examine ethnic differences in substance use behavior before and after the spread of COVID-19 across Asians and NHOPI, with reference to Whites. In addition, we will test a new model that attempts to explain the mechanisms of the potential increase in substance use post-COVID among emerging adults (18-29 year olds). Informed by the theories of stress-coping, self-medication, and emerging adulthood (EA), the central postulate of the model is that post-COVID increases in financial distress, EA stress, perceived discrimination, loneliness/social isolation, COVID-related anxieties, and negative life events result in increased generalized stress and poorer mental health among emerging adults, which in turn results in increased substance use (tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and illicit drugs). We hypothesize that NHOPI will show higher exposure to post-COVID financial distress, EA stress, COVID-related anxieties, loneliness, and negative life events, which will eventually lead to higher substance use among NHOPI. Our team has access to a cohort of emerging adults (N=2335; 55% women; 45% Asian, 20% NHOPI, 24% White, 11% Other) from Hawaii, originally recruited as part of research focused on tobacco control. Despite the tobacco focus, the study collected extensive data on other substance use behavior, mental health symptomatology, and EA attributes, which may be compared against post-COVID changes. We have collected 4 waves of pre-COVID data from the cohort in 6-month intervals. The 4th wave of data collection was completed in January 2020, approximately two months before the state of Hawaii halted all non-essential activities in response to the pandemic, including tourism, a mainstay of Hawaii’s economy. The decreased tourism and closure of businesses have resulted in Hawaii’s economy being one of the worst affected in the U.S. The current study plans to resume post-COVID data collection from the cohort for additional 6 waves. The first of the 6 waves is about to be launched in February-March 2021—approximately 1 year after the last pre-COVID survey—using institutional funds. The current proposal seeks to continue data collection every 6 month for 5 more waves. Across the 4 waves of pre- COVID data collection, we retained 89% of the baseline sample, almost all of whom have expressed interest for continued participation in the study. In sum, this study is significant for seeking to advance knowledge about the mechanisms of COVID-related health disparities and innovative for testing a new conceptual model.

摘要 关于COVID-19对以下人口群体的不利心理社会影响，人们知之甚少： 已经面临着巨大的健康差距。夏威夷土著和其他太平洋岛民（NHOPI）， 夏威夷和其他太平洋岛屿土著居民面临着巨大的健康差距，而这些差距往往被忽视 因为NHOPI在国家研究中与低风险的亚洲群体相结合。与亚洲人相比， 由于癌症和心血管疾病，NHOPI的死亡率和发病率风险明显较高。在 此外，NHOPI中的烟草和其他物质使用流行率远远高于亚洲人。这 该提案旨在研究在物质使用行为传播之前和之后的种族差异， COVID-19在亚洲人和NHOPI中的分布，以白人为参考。此外，我们将测试一种新的模式， 试图解释新冠肺炎后物质使用潜在增加的机制， 成人（18-29奥尔兹）。受压力应对，自我治疗和成年期新兴理论的启发 (EA)，该模型的中心假设是，COVID后财务困境，EA压力，感知 歧视、孤独/社会隔离、与COVID相关的焦虑和负面生活事件导致 新兴成年人的普遍压力和较差的心理健康，这反过来又导致增加 物质使用（烟草、酒精、大麻和非法药物）。我们假设NHOPI将显示更高的 暴露于COVID后的财务困境，EA压力，COVID相关的焦虑，孤独和消极生活 这将最终导致NHOPI中更高的物质使用。我们的团队有机会接触到 来自夏威夷的新兴成人（N=2335; 55%女性; 45%亚裔，20% NHOPI，24%白色，11%其他）， 最初是作为烟草控制研究的一部分招募的。尽管关注烟草， 收集了关于其他物质使用行为、精神健康行为学和EA属性的广泛数据， 这可以与COVID后的变化进行比较。我们收集了4波新冠肺炎前的数据， 每隔6个月进行一次队列研究。第四波数据收集于2020年1月完成，约 在夏威夷州停止所有非必要活动以应对疫情的两个月前， 旅游业是夏威夷经济的支柱。旅游业减少和企业关闭导致 夏威夷的经济是美国受影响最严重的经济之一。目前的研究计划在COVID后恢复 从队列中收集另外6个波的数据。六波中的第一波即将在 2021年2月至3月-上一次COVID前调查后约1年-使用机构资金。的 目前的建议是每6个月再收集5次数据。在4波预- COVID数据收集，我们保留了89%的基线样本，几乎所有人都表示有兴趣 继续参与研究。总之，本研究对于寻求提高对 COVID相关的健康差距的机制和创新的测试一个新的概念模型。