Stability and Robustness of Hippocampal Representations of Space

海马空间表示的稳定性和鲁棒性

• 批准号: 10208522
• 负责人: JOHN C DOYLE
• 金额: $ 104.18万
• 依托单位: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10208522
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Animal Behavior; Animals; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain region; Cells; Characteristics; Code; Cognition; Cognitive; Computer Models; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Episodic memory; Equilibrium; Evolution; Face; Gene Expression; Goals; Hippocampus (Brain); Image; Immediate-Early Genes; Individual; Knowledge; Learning; Location; Maintenance; Maps; Measures; Memory; Modeling; Nature; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Pattern; Physical environment; Physiological; Physiology; Play; Population; Process; Property; Resources; Rest; Rodent; Role; Sleep; Study models; System; Time; Training; Visit; Wakefulness; Work; artificial neural network; dynamical evolution; experience; experimental study; hippocampal pyramidal neuron; indexing; learning progression; memory consolidation; memory encoding; novel; novel strategies; optogenetics; place fields; preservation; relating to nervous system; theories

PROJECT SUMMARY How does the brain balance the need to preserve prior knowledge with the necessity to continuously learn new information? The tradeoff between stability and plasticity is inherent in both biological and artificial learning systems constrained by finite resources and capacity. The hippocampus is a brain region critical for memory formation and spatial learning, which can provide a powerful experimental system for characterizing this tradeoff. The role of the hippocampus in spatial cognition is supported by the finding that pyramidal neurons in this area (place cells) fire in specific locations in an environment (place fields). The population of place cells active in an environment is believed to form a neural representation or cognitive map of that environment. Spatial learning is critical for survival and involves two competing constraints: representations of space must be plastic to enable fast learning of new environments and changes in behavioral contingencies, and stable over time to enable recognition of familiar environments, reliable navigation, and leveraging of previous learning. How do these competing constraints affect the stability of place fields across time? The experimental characterization of the long-term stability of spatial representations in the hippocampus has been challenging as it requires tracking the activity of multiple place cells across extended periods of time (days to weeks). We propose to use novel approaches in large-scale electrophysiology and imaging in behaving rodents to characterize which neurons change their spatial tuning and how these changes depend on behavior. Furthermore, we will use recordings and circuit perturbations to characterize the activity patterns that predict changes in tuning stability. Our analysis will be carried out in the context of a theoretical framework for understanding the interplay between plasticity and stability of hippocampal representations. Characterizing the evolution of neural representations is of fundamental importance in understanding how information is maintained across brain circuits and how such maintenance is perturbed in brain disorders.

项目概要 大脑如何平衡保存先验知识的需要和持续学习的需要 新信息？稳定性和可塑性之间的权衡是生物和人工所固有的 学习系统受到有限资源和能力的限制。海马体是大脑的一个重要区域 记忆形成和空间学习，可以为表征提供强大的实验系统 这种权衡。海马体在空间认知中的作用得到了以下发现的支持：锥体 该区域的神经元（位置细胞）在环境中的特定位置（位置场）放电。人口为 据信，在环境中活跃的位置细胞会形成该环境的神经表征或认知图 环境。空间学习对于生存至关重要，并涉及两个相互竞争的约束： 空间必须是可塑的，以便能够快速学习新环境和行为突发事件的变化， 并且随着时间的推移保持稳定，以便能够识别熟悉的环境、可靠的导航以及利用 之前的学习。这些相互竞争的约束如何影响时间场的稳定性？这 海马体空间表征长期稳定性的实验表征 一直具有挑战性，因为它需要在较长时间内跟踪多个位置细胞的活动 （几天到几周）。我们建议在大规模电生理学和成像中使用新方法 啮齿动物的行为来表征哪些神经元改变了它们的空间调谐以及这些变化如何依赖 行为上。此外，我们将使用录音和电路扰动来表征活动模式 预测调谐稳定性的变化。我们的分析将在理论背景下进行 用于理解海马表征的可塑性和稳定性之间相互作用的框架。 表征神经表征的演化对于理解神经表征的演化过程至关重要 信息在大脑回路中得到维护，以及这种维护在大脑疾病中如何受到干扰。