Stability and Robustness of Hippocampal Representations of Space

海马空间表示的稳定性和鲁棒性

• 批准号: 10208522
• 负责人: JOHN C DOYLE
• 金额: $ 104.18万
• 依托单位: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10208522
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Animal Behavior; Animals; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain region; Cells; Characteristics; Code; Cognition; Cognitive; Computer Models; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Episodic memory; Equilibrium; Evolution; Face; Gene Expression; Goals; Hippocampus (Brain); Image; Immediate-Early Genes; Individual; Knowledge; Learning; Location; Maintenance; Maps; Measures; Memory; Modeling; Nature; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Pattern; Physical environment; Physiological; Physiology; Play; Population; Process; Property; Resources; Rest; Rodent; Role; Sleep; Study models; System; Time; Training; Visit; Wakefulness; Work; artificial neural network; dynamical evolution; experience; experimental study; hippocampal pyramidal neuron; indexing; learning progression; memory consolidation; memory encoding; novel; novel strategies; optogenetics; place fields; preservation; relating to nervous system; theories

PROJECT SUMMARY How does the brain balance the need to preserve prior knowledge with the necessity to continuously learn new information? The tradeoff between stability and plasticity is inherent in both biological and artificial learning systems constrained by finite resources and capacity. The hippocampus is a brain region critical for memory formation and spatial learning, which can provide a powerful experimental system for characterizing this tradeoff. The role of the hippocampus in spatial cognition is supported by the finding that pyramidal neurons in this area (place cells) fire in specific locations in an environment (place fields). The population of place cells active in an environment is believed to form a neural representation or cognitive map of that environment. Spatial learning is critical for survival and involves two competing constraints: representations of space must be plastic to enable fast learning of new environments and changes in behavioral contingencies, and stable over time to enable recognition of familiar environments, reliable navigation, and leveraging of previous learning. How do these competing constraints affect the stability of place fields across time? The experimental characterization of the long-term stability of spatial representations in the hippocampus has been challenging as it requires tracking the activity of multiple place cells across extended periods of time (days to weeks). We propose to use novel approaches in large-scale electrophysiology and imaging in behaving rodents to characterize which neurons change their spatial tuning and how these changes depend on behavior. Furthermore, we will use recordings and circuit perturbations to characterize the activity patterns that predict changes in tuning stability. Our analysis will be carried out in the context of a theoretical framework for understanding the interplay between plasticity and stability of hippocampal representations. Characterizing the evolution of neural representations is of fundamental importance in understanding how information is maintained across brain circuits and how such maintenance is perturbed in brain disorders.

项目摘要 大脑如何平衡维护先验知识的需求，并需要继续学习 新信息？稳定性和可塑性之间的交易是生物学和艺术家固有的 受限资源和能力限制的学习系统。海马是一个至关重要的大脑区域 记忆形成和空间学习，可以提供一个强大的实验系统来表征 这个交易。海马在空间认知中的作用得到了锥体的发现支持 该区域的神经元（位置单元）在环境中特定位置（位置场）的特定位置进行了填充。人口 据信在环境中活跃的位置细胞形成神经表示或认知图 环境。空间学习对于生存至关重要，涉及两个相互竞争的约束： 空间必须是塑料的，以便快速学习新环境和行为意外情况的变化， 随着时间的推移，稳定的稳定，以识别熟悉的环境，可靠的导航和利用 以前的学习。这些竞争的约束如何影响跨时间的位置场的稳定性？这 海马中空间表示长期稳定性的实验表征 是挑战，因为它需要在长时间的时间内跟踪多个位置单元的活动 （天到几周）。我们建议在大规模的电生理学和成像中使用新颖的方法 表征啮齿动物以表征哪些神经元改变其空间调整以及这些变化如何取决于 关于行为。此外，我们将使用记录和电路扰动来表征活动模式 这预测了调谐稳定性的变化。我们的分析将在理论上进行 理解海马表示可塑性与稳定性之间相互作用的框架。 表征神经表征的演变对于理解如何 跨大脑电路的信息以及如何在脑部疾病中扰动这种维护。