Improving Novice Driver Roadway Hazard Identification Through a Parent-Focused Intervention

项目摘要 青少年司机发生致命车祸的可能性是成年司机的三倍。几个因素 有助于增加青少年新手司机的撞车风险，包括分心驾驶，缺乏经验， 风险承担增加，识别潜在道路危险的能力不足。潜在危害 是指道路上或附近出现的威胁（例如，你前面的车突然刹车， 行人冲进车流），这可能会也可能不会演变成实际的危险或碰撞。经验丰富的司机 快速识别和应对潜在的危险，几乎不需要费力的认知。新手司机需要 在危险感知方面的重复经验，以有效识别和应对潜在危险，但 未能在执照的学习阶段发展这种技能。我们假设这种经历 在父母的具体指导下进行。作为学习阶段的主要监督员和教师， 有了驾驶执照，父母就可以很好地教育孩子识别驾驶中的潜在危险。 环境然而，对驾驶监督的研究表明，这种类型的指导几乎完全是 无托叶目前项目的总体目标是改善父母的指导和实践，围绕这些 事件本提案的第一个目的是描述家长与青少年关于危险识别的对话， 缓解当父母和青少年共同参与感知/适应性学习模块时-危险 通过视频提供的预期培训计划。我们假设父母在如何构建 青少年根据青少年气质的个体差异正确识别和感知危险的能力， 父母教养方式和家庭沟通模式。第二个目标是发展一种危险预期 一项培训计划，教导父母更好地与孩子沟通，了解潜在的危险 在路上。为此，我们将修改现有的培训计划，旨在帮助司机预测 道路上的危险，以帮助改善与这些事件有关的家长沟通。用于第三和 最后，我们将在最先进的驾驶模拟器NADS-1中测试干预的影响。我们 假设与对照组相比，接受干预的父母将表现出改善的高阶 驾驶指导-适用于当前和未来的驾驶环境。我们还假设， 接触干预的父母会更多地关注和应对道路上的潜在危险， 比分配给控制的那些更快更可靠。我的亲子沟通研究生训练，我的 公共卫生硕士，它训练我在人口水平的初级预防，和我的博士后奖学金，在模拟 研究使我准备好开始这项跨学科的研究。这个K99/R 01奖项将使我具备 在干预措施的制定、实施和评估方面进行必要的培训和掌握必要的技能，以实现目标 在这份提案中提出。此外，该提案直接涉及NICHD战略提出的目标， 通过评估和预防青少年创伤性伤害的主要原因，机动车碰撞，制定计划。

Project Summary Teen drivers are three times more likely to be involved in a fatal crash than adult drivers. Several factors contribute to increased crash risk among novice teen drivers, including distracted driving, inexperience, heightened risk taking, and an underdeveloped ability to identify potential roadway hazards. Potential hazards refer to emerging threats on or near the roadway (e.g., the car in front of you braking suddenly due to a pedestrian darting into traffic) which may or may not evolve into an actual hazard or crash. Experienced drivers quickly identify and respond to potential hazards with little to no effortful cognition. Novice drivers need repeated experience in the perception of hazards to effectively identify and respond to potential hazards, yet fail to develop this skill during the learner phase of licensure. We hypothesize that this experience can be hastened with specific parental guidance. As primary supervisors and teachers during the learner phase of licensure, parents are well positioned to teach their children to identify latent hazards in the driving environment. However, research on driving supervision indicates this type of instruction is almost completely absent. The overall goal of the current project is to improve parental instruction and practice surrounding these events. The first aim of this proposal is to describe parent-teen conversations about hazard identification and mitigation while parents and teens jointly engage in a perceptual/adaptive learning module – a hazard anticipation training program delivered via video. We hypothesize that parents will vary in how they scaffold teens’ ability to correctly identify and perceive hazards according to individual differences in teen temperament, parenting style, and family communication pattern. The second aim seeks to develop a hazard anticipation training program to teach parents to better communicate with their children about identifying potential hazards on the roadway. To this end we will modify an existing training program, designed to help drivers anticipate hazards on the roadway, to help improve parents’ communication related to these events. For the third and final aim, we will test the impact of the intervention in a state-of-the-art driving simulator, the NADS-1. We hypothesize that compared to controls, parents exposed to the intervention will show improved high-order driving instruction - applicable to the current and future driving environment. We also hypothesize that teens of parents exposed to the intervention the will look to and respond to potential hazards on the roadway more quickly and reliably than those assigned to the control. My graduate training in parent-child communication, my MPH which trained me in population-level primary prevention, and my postdoctoral fellowship in simulation research have prepared me to begin this interdisciplinary research. This K99/R01 award will equip me with the necessary training and skills in intervention development, implementation, and evaluation to achieve the aims set forth in this proposal. Additionally, this proposal directly addresses goals set forth by the NICHD strategic plan by assessing and preventing the leading cause of traumatic injury in teens, motor-vehicle crashes.