Improving Novice Driver Roadway Hazard Identification Through a Parent-Focused Intervention

通过以家长为中心的干预措施提高新手驾驶员道路危险识别能力

• 批准号: 10212715
• 负责人: Elizabeth O'Neal
• 金额: $ 10.03万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-04-09 至 2023-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10212715
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Automobile Driving; Award; Child; Child Rearing; Cognition; Communication; Complex; Control Groups; Detection; Development; Discipline; Drops; Educational Intervention; Educational process of instructing; Engineering; Environment; Evaluation; Event; Evidence based intervention; Exhibits; Exposure to; Failure; Family; Feedback; Fellowship; Future; Goals; Hazard Identification; Individual Differences; Instruction; Interdisciplinary Study; Intervention; Learning; Learning Module; Licensure; Literature; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Online Systems; Parents; Pattern; Perception; Phase; Population; Positioning Attribute; Prevention; Primary Prevention; Problem behavior; Psychology; Public Health; Research; Risk; Risk-Taking; Running; Speed; Strategic Planning; Supervision; Teaching Method; Teenagers; Temperament; Testing; Time; Training; Training Programs; Translational Research; Traumatic injury; Vehicle crash; Vulnerable Populations; Work; adaptive learning; design; distracted driving; evidence base; experience; feasibility testing; hazard; improved; injury prevention; instructor; parent-child communication; prevent; preventive intervention; programs; response; scaffold; simulation; skills; teacher; teen drivers; teen driving; therapy development

Project Summary Teen drivers are three times more likely to be involved in a fatal crash than adult drivers. Several factors contribute to increased crash risk among novice teen drivers, including distracted driving, inexperience, heightened risk taking, and an underdeveloped ability to identify potential roadway hazards. Potential hazards refer to emerging threats on or near the roadway (e.g., the car in front of you braking suddenly due to a pedestrian darting into traffic) which may or may not evolve into an actual hazard or crash. Experienced drivers quickly identify and respond to potential hazards with little to no effortful cognition. Novice drivers need repeated experience in the perception of hazards to effectively identify and respond to potential hazards, yet fail to develop this skill during the learner phase of licensure. We hypothesize that this experience can be hastened with specific parental guidance. As primary supervisors and teachers during the learner phase of licensure, parents are well positioned to teach their children to identify latent hazards in the driving environment. However, research on driving supervision indicates this type of instruction is almost completely absent. The overall goal of the current project is to improve parental instruction and practice surrounding these events. The first aim of this proposal is to describe parent-teen conversations about hazard identification and mitigation while parents and teens jointly engage in a perceptual/adaptive learning module – a hazard anticipation training program delivered via video. We hypothesize that parents will vary in how they scaffold teens’ ability to correctly identify and perceive hazards according to individual differences in teen temperament, parenting style, and family communication pattern. The second aim seeks to develop a hazard anticipation training program to teach parents to better communicate with their children about identifying potential hazards on the roadway. To this end we will modify an existing training program, designed to help drivers anticipate hazards on the roadway, to help improve parents’ communication related to these events. For the third and final aim, we will test the impact of the intervention in a state-of-the-art driving simulator, the NADS-1. We hypothesize that compared to controls, parents exposed to the intervention will show improved high-order driving instruction - applicable to the current and future driving environment. We also hypothesize that teens of parents exposed to the intervention the will look to and respond to potential hazards on the roadway more quickly and reliably than those assigned to the control. My graduate training in parent-child communication, my MPH which trained me in population-level primary prevention, and my postdoctoral fellowship in simulation research have prepared me to begin this interdisciplinary research. This K99/R01 award will equip me with the necessary training and skills in intervention development, implementation, and evaluation to achieve the aims set forth in this proposal. Additionally, this proposal directly addresses goals set forth by the NICHD strategic plan by assessing and preventing the leading cause of traumatic injury in teens, motor-vehicle crashes.

项目摘要 致命撞车事故的可能性是成年司机的三倍。几个因素 有助于增加青少年驾驶员的撞车风险，包括距离遥远的驾驶，经验不足， 风险增加，以及识别潜在道路危害的欠发达能力。潜在危害 请参阅道路上或附近的新兴威胁（例如，您面前的汽车突然刹车 行人飞镖进入交通），这可能会或可能不会演变成实际的危险或崩溃。经验丰富的司机 迅速识别并应对潜在危害，几乎没有努力的认知。新手司机需要 在对危害感知的感知中的一再经验，以有效地识别和应对潜在危害，但 在许可证的学习阶段，无法发展此技能。我们假设这种经历可以是 加快了特定的父母指导。在学习阶段的主要主管和教师 许可证，父母可以很好地教他们的孩子识别驾驶中的潜在危害 环境。但是，有关驾驶监督的研究表明，这种类型的指示几乎完全是 缺席的。当前项目的总体目标是改善父母的指导和练习这些 事件。该提案的第一个目的是描述有关危害识别和 缓解父母和青少年共同参与感知/自适应学习模块 - 危险 通过视频提供的预期培训计划。我们假设父母会在他们的脚手架上有所不同 青少年根据青少年温度的个体差异正确识别和感知危害的能力， 育儿风格和家庭沟通方式。第二个目标试图发展危险的预期 培训计划教会父母更好地与孩子沟通有关识别潜在危害的 在道路上。为此，我们将修改现有的培训计划，旨在帮助驾驶员预期 道路上的危害，以帮助改善与这些事件相关的父母的沟通。第三和 最终目标，我们将测试干预措施对最先进的驾驶模拟器NADS-1的影响。我们 假设与对照组相比，暴露于干预措施的父母将显示出改善的高阶 驾驶指导 - 适用于当前和将来的驾驶环境。我们还假设青少年 父母接触干预措施的寻找并应对道路上的潜在危害 比分配给控件的快速可靠。我在亲子交流中的研究生培训，我的 MPH培训了我的人口级初级预防，以及我的模拟博士后奖学金 研究使我准备开始这项跨学科研究。这个K99/R01奖将使我为 在干预开发，实施和评估方面的必要培训和技能以实现目标 在此提案中提出。此外，该提案直接解决了NICHD策略提出的目标 通过评估和防止青少年造成创伤性损伤的主要原因来计划，汽车崩溃。