Role of air pollution and socioeconomic position on cognitive function over six years in the United States

美国六年来空气污染和社会经济地位对认知功能的影响

• 批准号: 10220782
• 负责人: Kristina Van Dang
• 金额: $ 4.6万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-01 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10220782
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adverse effects; Aerosols; Affect; Age; Aging; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Alzheimer' s Disease; Area; Biological; Blood Vessels; Brain; Censuses; Chronic Disease; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive aging; Data; Data Set; Data Sources; Decision Making; Dementia; Development; Disadvantaged; Disease; Education; Elderly; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Policy; Environmental Risk Factor; Event; Exposure to; Financial Hardship; Functional disorder; Geography; Goals; Health; Healthcare; Impaired cognition; Income; Individual; Joints; Knowledge; Link; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Masks; Measures; Medicare; Mentors; Mentorship; Methods; Modeling; Neighborhoods; Nerve Degeneration; Neuraxis; Neurocognitive; Older Population; Optics; Outcome; Oxidative Stress; Participant; Pathology; Patients; Persons; Policies; Population; Population Decreases; Prevention; Psychosocial Stress; Public Health; Publishing; Regulation; Research; Research Personnel; Research Proposals; Research Training; Resolution; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Shapes; Socioeconomic Status; Statistical Methods; Stroke; Testing; Time; Tissues; Toxic Environmental Substances; Toxicant exposure; Training; United States; care burden; career; cognitive function; cognitive testing; cohort; dementia risk; epidemiology study; experience; fine particles; follow-up; innovation; insight; low socioeconomic status; modifiable risk; multilevel analysis; neurotoxicity; novel; residence; skills; social; social determinants; social factors; social health determinants; systemic inflammatory response; technological innovation; trend

PROJECT SUMMARY (ABSTRACT) Alzheimer's Disease and related disorders represent a huge public health and health care burden, prompting innovative research of modifiable risk factors. The search for modifiable predictors of dementia has turned towards environmental exposures. Prior research suggests air pollution accelerates cognitive decline in older populations. But this research has major gaps. Few studies have used longitudinal measures, nor have they been nationally-representative. Additionally, there's an urgent need for studies that more comprehensively account for socioeconomic position (SEP). While it is known that cognitive outcomes vary by SEP, the joint effect of air pollution and SEP remains largely unknown. Our study proposes to explore the impact of air pollution (PM2.5) on cognitive decline, and the potential for interaction between air pollution and SEP. Air pollution exposure varies by SEP; more disadvantaged individuals are exposed to more air pollution. Accounting for SEP is important when evaluating the effects of air pollution on cognition. Further, we believe that the effect of air pollution on cognition outcomes is different for those with high SEP compared to those with lower SEP. I'm submitting my proposal for consideration in order to support my dissertation research, with the overall goal of furthering study of environmental and social determinants of cognitive aging and dementia. The overall objective of this application is to determine if and how air pollution and SEP influence cognitive decline. My specific aims are as follows: Aim 1 assesses the relationship between air pollution and cognitive level and decline in the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). Started in 2011, NHATS follows a nationally-representative population of Medicare patients 65 years and older, with annual, in-person cognitive assessments. By linking aerosol optical depth models estimating air pollution to individual-level NHATS data, we can model long-term exposure to PM2.5 among NHATS participants. Aim 2 examines the joint effect of air pollution and SEP on cognitive level and decline in NHATS. SEP will be measured as education, income, financial strain, and neighborhood-SEP. Advanced statistical methods, including multi-level modeling of individual and census-tract level change, will provide a strong basis for understanding effects of air pollution on cognitive aging. This study presents a timely opportunity to contribute to emerging literature on how environmental and social exposures interact to shape cognitive function over time in older adults. Because policy reforms can potentially target either or both environmental and social factors, the findings of this research proposal can inform decision-making, benefitting those most likely affected. With the support of my terrific mentorship team— experts in cognitive aging and dementia, social determinants of health, and air pollution exposure—this proposal will contribute to predictors of cognitive aging research, and enhance skills required for me to further this area in subsequent research.

项目概要（摘要） 阿尔茨海默病和相关疾病构成了巨大的公共卫生和医疗保健负担，促使 可改变风险因素的创新研究。对痴呆症可改变预测因素的研究已经转向 朝向环境暴露。先前的研究表明空气污染会加速老年人的认知能力下降 人口。但这项研究存在重大差距。很少有研究使用纵向测量，也没有 具有全国代表性。此外，迫切需要进行更全面的研究 考虑社会经济地位（SEP）。虽然众所周知，认知结果因 SEP 而异，但联合 空气污染和 SEP 的影响仍然很大程度上未知。我们的研究旨在探讨空气的影响 污染（PM2.5）对认知能力下降的影响，以及空气污染和 SEP 之间相互作用的潜力。 空气污染暴露因 SEP 的不同而异；弱势群体更容易受到更多空气污染的影响。 在评估空气污染对认知的影响时，考虑 SEP 非常重要。进一步，我们相信 与具有高 SEP 的人相比，空气污染对认知结果的影响是不同的 较低的九月。我正在提交我的提案供考虑，以支持我的论文研究， 总体目标是进一步研究认知衰老和痴呆的环境和社会决定因素。 此应用程序的总体目标是确定空气污染和 SEP 是否以及如何影响认知 衰退。我的具体目标如下： 目标 1 评估空气污染与认知之间的关系 国家健康和老龄化趋势研究（NHATS）中的水平和下降。 NHATS 于 2011 年启动，遵循 具有全国代表性的 65 岁及以上 Medicare 患者群体，每年进行现场认知 评估。通过将估计空气污染的气溶胶光学深度模型与个人层面的 NHATS 数据联系起来， 我们可以对 NHATS 参与者长期接触 PM2.5 的情况进行建模。目标 2 检查空气的联合效应 污染和 SEP 对认知水平和 NHATS 下降的影响。 SEP 将衡量为教育、收入、 财务压力和邻里-SEP。先进的统计方法，包括多层次建模 个人和人口普查区水平的变化将为了解空气污染对 认知老化。 这项研究提供了一个及时的机会，可以为关于环境和社会如何影响新兴文献做出贡献。 随着时间的推移，暴露相互作用会影响老年人的认知功能。因为政策改革有可能 针对环境和社会因素之一或两者，本研究提案的结果可以提供信息 决策，使最有可能受影响的人受益。在我出色的导师团队的支持下—— 认知衰老和痴呆、健康的社会决定因素以及空气污染暴露方面的专家——这 该提案将有助于认知衰老研究的预测，并增强我进一步发展所需的技能 该领域在后续的研究中。