Effects of Aging on Mind-Body Connections

项目概要/摘要。慢性压力已被证明会严重影响长期的情绪和 身体健康在一个近75%的美国人报告压力水平超过他们的社会中， 认为健康（美国心理协会，2015年），更好地了解因素， 需要有效的压力调节。压力-生理学一致性是个体差异的量度， 在压力下主观体验和外周生理活动之间的联系，最近 已被证明是心理和身体健康的重要相关因素（Sommerfeldt，Schaefer， Brauer，Ryff，& Davidson，2019）.该项目旨在更好地了解神经基础， 压力生理学一致性对衰老中压力调节的重要性。以前的工作专门调查 压力-心率一致性，即主观压力和心率之间的个体内关联， 涉及计算机化认知应激任务的应激诱导范例的过程（Sommerfeldt等人，2019年）。 超过1，000名参与者完成了这一范例，作为美国中年第二波的一部分 项目（MIDUS; www.midus.wisc.edu）。应激-心率一致性与 心理健康，并与通常与健康下降相关的因素呈负相关，包括 焦虑、抑郁和促炎标志物白细胞介素-6和C反应蛋白水平。此外，委员会认为， 压力-心率一致性与否认应对呈负相关，这表明至少对一些人来说， 对于个人来说，低压力-心率一致性可能是由于否认自己的感受和/或 压力源年龄也与压力-心率一致性呈负相关，例如老年参与者 他们的主观压力和心率之间的联系较弱。随着年龄的增长而发生的身体变化 可以影响身心联系和情感状态的体验（Berry门德斯，2010）。这 精神和身体状态之间的联系减弱，这一点可以通过以下发现来表明： 老年人的心率一致性。利用来自其他MIDUS队列的数据，拟议项目旨在：1） 建立应激-心率一致性的功能和结构神经相关性; 2）识别与年龄相关的 情感偏差和压力-心率一致性的神经相关性的差异，以及3）确定纵向 压力-心率一致性和方向性的变化与幸福感的关系。这项研究将促进 在神经成像数据分析，写作，公开演讲和指导方面的宝贵培训机会， 威斯康星州-麦迪逊大学心理学博士生，同时也建立了神经网络 这一重要的个体差异测量的相关性，压力生理学的一致性。该项目将告知 压力-生理学一致性是否与中性刺激的情感偏差有关，特别是在衰老中， 以及个体差异和潜在的途径，通过这些途径，压力-生理学的一致性可能是 在整个生命周期中保持。

Project Summary/Abstract. Chronic stress has been shown to critically impact long-term emotional and physical health. In a society where nearly 75% of Americans report stress at levels that exceed what they consider healthy (American Psychological Association, 2015), better understanding of the factors that contribute to effective stress regulation is needed. Stress-physiology coherence is an individual difference measure of the association between subjective experience and peripheral physiological activity under stress, which has recently been shown to be an important correlate of both psychological and physical well-being (Sommerfeldt, Schaefer, Brauer, Ryff, & Davidson, 2019). This proposed project seeks to better understand the neural underpinnings and importance of stress-physiology coherence for stress regulation in aging. Previous work specifically investigated stress-heart rate coherence, the within-individual association between subjective stress and heart rate over the course of a stress-induction paradigm involving computerized cognitive stressor tasks (Sommerfeldt et al., 2019). Over 1,000 participants completed this paradigm as part of the second wave of the Midlife in the United States project (MIDUS; www.midus.wisc.edu). Stress-heart rate coherence was positively associated with psychological well-being, and inversely associated with factors commonly linked to reduced well-being, including anxiety, depression, and levels of pro-inflammatory markers interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. Furthermore, stress-heart rate coherence was inversely associated with denial coping, suggesting that for at least some individuals, low stress-heart rate coherence may be due to denying one’s own feelings and/or the reality of stressors. Age was also inversely associated with stress-heart rate coherence, such that older participants had a weaker association between their subjective stress and their heart rate. Bodily changes that occur with aging can influence mind-body connections and the experience of affective states (Berry Mendes, 2010). This weakening of the connection between mental and physical states is signified by findings of lower stress-heart rate coherence in older individuals. Using data from additional MIDUS cohorts, the proposed project aims to 1) Establish the functional and structural neural correlates of stress-heart rate coherence, 2) Identify age-related differences in affective biasing and neural correlates of stress-heart rate coherence, and 3) Ascertain longitudinal changes in stress-heart rate coherence and directionality with relation to well-being. This research will facilitate valuable training opportunities in neuroimaging data analysis, writing, public speaking, and mentoring for a doctoral student in Psychology at the University of Wisconsin – Madison while also establishing the neural correlates of this important individual difference measure, stress-physiology coherence. The project will inform whether stress-physiology coherence is associated with affective biasing of neutral stimuli, particularly in aging, as well as individual differences and potential routes through which stress-physiology coherence may be maintained across the lifespan.