Effects of aging on signal in noise processing

噪声处理中老化对信号的影响

• 批准号: 10228422
• 负责人: Brian J. Malone
• 金额: $ 56.95万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-30 至 2021-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10228422
• 关键词: Acoustics; Address; Affect; Age; Age-associated memory impairment; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Animals; Area; Attention; Attenuated; Auditory; Auditory area; Auditory system; Brain; Code; Cognitive deficits; Complex; Data; Dementia; Depressed mood; Elderly; Environment; Equilibrium; Event; Foundations; Geriatrics; Goals; Hearing; Human; Individual; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Lead; Measures; Mental Health; Modeling; Monkeys; Nervous system structure; Neuraxis; Neurons; Noise; Perception; Peripheral; Population; Presbycusis; Primates; Process; Property; Research; Rodent; Self-Help Devices; Sensory; Series; Signal Transduction; Source; Speech; Speech Perception; Stimulus; Visual; age effect; age related; aged; attentional modulation; auditory pathway; auditory processing; auditory stimulus; comorbidity; directed attention; experimental study; hard of hearing; insight; juvenile animal; neural correlate; nonhuman primate; normal hearing; programs; reconstitution; relating to nervous system; remediation; response; social; sound; suicidal

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Age-related hearing loss is a ubiquitous problem, estimated to affect up to one third of the population. This condition is much more detrimental than `hard of hearing', rather, it has been implicated in a host of co- morbidities such as cognitive deficits, including dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. It remains unclear if this is a cause and effect situation or an epiphenomenon. If the former, simple interventions may well lead to much better mental health among the elderly. The long-term goal of the proposed research program is to identify the neural coding principles that allow listeners to make sense of, and focus on, particular sounds (i.e. what you are listening to) when they occur mixed with other sounds (i.e. the background), something that is common in many listening situations. Although this is an extremely difficult computational problem, people with normal hearing solve it effortlessly. Unfortunately, this remarkable ability almost always declines with age, leaving individuals struggling to understand speech in noisy environments. In order to develop assistive technologies or therapies to restore this critical function, we need to understand how the brain processes sounds in complex acoustic scenes, and, in particular, exactly how it fails to do so in aged individuals. Age-related shifts in the coding strategy employed at different stages of the auditory pathway are believed to involve compensatory changes related to attenuated input from more peripheral stages, and recent research in older animals has demonstrated quantitative and qualitative changes in central neural representation of complex sounds. Crucially, these changes appear to involve changes in how information is transformed along the cortical hierarchy. For this reason, a rigorous study of the effects of age-related hearing loss must include a comparison of cortical areas, such as core versus belt, that function at different levels of the processing hierarchy in normal hearing. Moreover, these central changes impact not only `bottom-up' sound processing along the ascending auditory pathway, but also `top-down' modulation by attention. The proposed studies will therefore contrast how complex sounds in challenging listening environments are processed in young versus old animals while those animals are performing perceptual tasks that either do or do not require auditory attention. These studies will be the first to track changes in how multiple complex sounds are encoded across hierarchical levels of processing in the auditory pathway in a primate model of aging, while allowing direct comparisons between cortical response changes and auditory perceptual deficits.

项目总结/摘要 听力损失是一个普遍存在的问题，估计影响到三分之一的人口。这 这比“重听”更有害，相反，它涉及到许多共同的问题。 疾病，如认知缺陷，包括痴呆症和阿尔茨海默病。目前尚不清楚是否 这是一种因果关系或附带现象。如果是前者，简单的干预很可能导致 to much better mental心理health健康among当中older老年人.拟议研究计划的长期目标是 确定神经编码原则，使听众能够理解，并专注于， 当他们与其他声音（即背景）混合时，声音（即你正在听的）， 这在很多听力场合都很常见。虽然这是一个极其困难的 计算问题，听力正常的人毫不费力地解决它。不幸的是，这个非凡的 能力几乎总是随着年龄的增长而下降，使人们难以理解嘈杂环境中的讲话。 环境.为了开发辅助技术或疗法来恢复这一关键功能，我们 需要了解大脑如何在复杂的声学场景中处理声音，特别是， 在老年人身上是如何失败的。在不同的编码策略中， 听觉通路的各个阶段被认为涉及与衰减的输入有关的补偿性变化 从更外围的阶段，最近在老年动物中的研究已经证明了定量和 复杂声音的中枢神经表征的质的变化。重要的是，这些变化似乎 涉及信息如何沿着皮层层级沿着转换的变化。因此，严格的 对年龄相关性听力损失影响的研究必须包括皮层区域的比较，如核心区， 与腰带相比，它们在正常听力的不同处理层次中发挥作用。而且这些 中枢变化不仅影响“自下而上”的声音处理沿着上行听觉通路， 注意力的“自上而下”调节。因此，拟议中的研究将对比复杂的声音 在具有挑战性的听力环境中，年轻的动物和年老的动物都在处理这些信息， 执行需要或不需要听觉注意的感知任务。这些研究将是 第一个跟踪多个复杂声音如何在不同层次的处理中编码的变化 在灵长类动物衰老模型的听觉通路中， 皮质反应改变和听觉感知缺陷。