Predictors of Effective Scaling: A Meta-Epidemiological Study of Bias in Early-Stage Studies to Prevent Chronic Disease

项目摘要/摘要 开发既有效/有效且可扩展的行为干预措施是一个主要的 行为科学领域的挑战。许多行为干预在早期就显示出了希望 测试，但在更大、更强大的评估中却无法奏效。该常见模式(即首字母 承诺失败)浪费宝贵的资源和时间。这项提案的目的是调查 制定公共健康行为的初步、早期研究(如试点、可行性研究) 注意在早期测试中引入的内部和外部偏差的干预措施。这项研究将 利用制定的搜索战略和既定的资源开展一系列元流行病学调查 针对成人体力活动和饮食行为的行为干预综述。在这些评论中， 行为干预：一项已发表的早期研究和一项已发表的、更有说服力的 对于外部和内部有效性偏差的存在，将对相同/相似的干预措施进行系统编码。 将运行Meta回归模型，以了解在早期研究中每种偏见的存在/不存在， 影响干预的较大迭代的效果大小和重要性。这个项目的目标是让人们 未来的体力活动和饮食/营养行为干预研究，提高它们的效率，并最终， 行为干预研究对解决慢性非传染性疾病的有效性。目标1是 在成人体力活动和饮食样本中确定外部效度偏差的流行率和影响 干预措施。目标2是对目标1的主要作者/资深作者进行定性访谈，以更好地了解 发现早期研究和更完善的研究之间的差异/相似之处的原因。穿过 该项目的实施将获得以下技能：系统审查、元分析方面的广泛技能 技术、元流行病学方法、定性研究过程和科学交流 包括同行评审的出版物、科学报告、导师同行评审和一份博士后草稿 批准申请。拟议的F31研究具有重要意义，因为拟议研究的结果将确定 导致良好试验的成功和不成功扩展的特征，潜在地增加了 行为干预发展速度加快。这项研究具有创新性，因为它将是第一批 确定成人体力活动和饮食中外在和内在偏向的流行程度和影响 行为干预。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Developing behavioral interventions that are both effective/efficacious and that can be scaled is a major challenge in the field of behavioral science. Many behavioral interventions demonstrate early promise in their testing, only to fail to be effective during a larger, more well-powered evaluation. This common pattern (i.e. initial promise then fail) wastes valuable resources and time. The objective of this proposal is to investigate the role of preliminary, early-stage studies (e.g. pilot, feasibility studies) in the development of public health behavioral interventions with attention to internal and external biases introduced during early stage testing. This study will capitalize on developed search strategies and established resources to conduct a series of meta-epidemiological reviews of behavioral interventions targeting adult physical activity and dietary behaviors. In these reviews, behavioral interventions with a published early-stage study and a published, more well-powered trial of the same/similar intervention will be systematically coded for the presence of external and internal validity biases. Meta-regression models will be run to understand how the presence/absence of each bias in early-stage studies, influences the effect size and significance of larger iterations of the intervention. This project’s goal is to inform future physical activity and diet/nutrition behavioral intervention studies, increasing their efficiency and ultimately, the effectiveness of behavioral intervention research to address chronic, non-communicable disease. Aim 1 is to identify the prevalence and impact of external validity biases in a sample of adult physical activity and diet interventions. Aim 2 is to conduct qualitative interviews with lead/senior authors from Aim 1 to better understand the reasons for identified differences/similarities between early-stage and more well-powered studies. Through the execution of this project the following will be gained: extensive skills in systematic-review, meta-analytic techniques, meta-epidemiological methods, qualitative research processes, and scientific communication including peer-reviewed publication, scientific presentation, mentor peer-reviewed, and a drafted post-doctoral grant application. The proposed F31 study is significant because findings from the proposed study will identify characteristics that lead to successful and unsuccessful scaling of well-powered trials, potentially increasing the speed of behavioral intervention development. This study is innovative because it will be among the first to establish the prevalence and impact of external and internal biases in adult physical activity and dietary behavioral interventions.