Epidemiology Project

流行病学项目

• 批准号: 10407477
• 负责人: Ivo J Mueller
• 金额: $ 19.51万
• 依托单位: WALTER AND ELIZA HALL INST MEDICAL RES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-04-28 至 2024-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10407477
• 关键词: Adult; Alleles; Antibodies; Antibody Repertoire; Antigens; Area; Asia; Attention; Biological; Biological Assay; Biological Markers; Blood; Clinical; Cohort Studies; Complement; Computer Simulation; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Detection; Diagnosis; Disease; Drug resistance; Ecology; Effectiveness; Ensure; Epidemiology; Erythrocytes; Exposure to; Frequencies; Future; Genetic; Genetic Markers; Genetic Variation; Genomics; Genotype; Geography; High Prevalence; Hot Spot; Immune response; Immunity; Immunology; Individual; Infection; Knowledge; Link; Location; Longitudinal cohort study; Malaria; Male Adolescents; Measures; Methods; Migrant; Modeling; Molecular; Nature; Parasites; Participant; Pattern; Performance; Phagocytosis; Plasmodium; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; Population; Population Genetics; Protein Array; Reporting; Research Design; Residual state; Risk; Role; Sampling; Serology; Site; Surface; Surveillance Methods; Survey Methodology; Surveys; Symptoms; Time; base; density; epidemiology study; feeding; field study; genome-wide; genomic variation; high risk; high risk population; immunological status; improved; in silico; infection risk; innovation; malaria infection; malaria transmission; mathematical model; novel; novel strategies; predictive test; programs; sample fixation; spatiotemporal; surveillance strategy; transmission process; whole genome

Summary To ensure that malaria transmission continues to decline in the Asia-Pacific region, it is critical that national malaria control programs be able to more efficiently target specific areas of high transmission and populations at highest risk. In order to do this they need to be able to accurately identify and delineate pockets of residual transmission and identify the presence and nature of high-risk groups. This will require new approaches and more efficient epidemiological study designs that are based on an in-depth understanding of key host and parasite factors that contribute to sustaining residual transmission in different scenarios. In particular, unraveling the biological basis (e.g. parasite population genetics, host genetics, immunity) for the relatively high prevalence of asymptomatic infections is now more important than ever before. The overall aim of the Asia-Pacific ICEMR Epidemiology Project is thus to better understand host and parasite factors that contribute to sustaining residual malaria transmission despite intensified control and to apply this knowledge to develop novel ways of accurately identifying and delineating pockets of residual transmission. In order to achieve this spatio-temporal patterns of risk of malaria infection and disease will be investigated through a combination of large cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort studies that combine rigorous epidemiological study designs with state-of-the-art molecular detection and genotyping of Plasmodium spp. infections and an assessment of host immune responses and their link to exposure and protection from clinical symptoms of malaria. This information will then be used to evaluate improved surveillance strategies through an innovative combination of computer simulations and field application. This combination of in-depth malaria epidemiology, ecology and application of molecular and antibody profiling feeding into mathematical modeling to allow in silico experimentation, followed by application in the field is highly innovative and has previously received very little attention in the context of malaria surveillance.

概括 为确保亚太地区疟疾传播持续下降，至关重要的是国家 疟疾控制计划能够更有效地针对高传播率的特定地区和人群 处于最高风险。为了做到这一点，他们需要能够准确识别和描绘残留区域 传播并确定高危人群的存在和性质。这将需要新的方法和 基于对关键宿主和关键宿主的深入了解的更有效的流行病学研究设计 在不同情况下有助于维持残留传播的寄生因素。尤其， 揭示相对的生物学基础（例如寄生虫群体遗传学、宿主遗传学、免疫） 无症状感染者的高患病率现在比以往任何时候都更加重要。该计划的总体目标是 因此，亚太地区 ICEMR 流行病学项目旨在更好地了解宿主和寄生虫因素， 尽管加强了控制，仍有助于维持残留的疟疾传播，并将这些知识应用于 开发准确识别和描绘残留传播区域的新方法。为了 实现疟疾感染和疾病风险的时空模式将通过 大型横断面和纵向队列研究的结合，结合严格的流行病学研究 研究设计采用最先进的分子检测和疟原虫基因分型。感染和 评估宿主免疫反应及其与暴露和预防临床症状的联系 疟疾。然后，该信息将用于通过创新的方法评估改进的监测策略 计算机模拟与现场应用相结合。这种深入的疟疾流行病学的结合， 分子和抗体分析的生态学和应用输入数学模型以允许 硅片实验，随后在该领域的应用是高度创新的，并且之前已经获得了非常多的认可 在疟疾监测方面很少受到关注。