Establishing a Unified Framework of Spontaneous Brain Activity in Perception

项目摘要 人类的大脑一直处于活跃状态。自发的大脑活动在空间和时间上有丰富的结构，而且 扰乱其组织会带来严重的临床后果。然而，自发的大脑活动如何 参与在线大脑功能仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。在知觉领域，它是公认的 刺激前的自发活动可以影响知觉结果，但它到底是如何参与的 刺激和知觉处理仍然知之甚少。这种知识上的鸿沟阻碍了我们 解释和治疗各种临床疾病中的知觉障碍。拟议的项目旨在 缩小这一差距。 关于自发脑活动的功能机制，已经提出了两种相互矛盾的假说： 一种认为它携带着由以前的感觉经验塑造的特定功能信息；另一种认为 这表明它在很大程度上反映了唤醒或行为状态的非特定变化。来自我们的最新工作 实验室提供的证据表明，这两个假说都是正确的，而且实际上是两个独立的自发过程 在人类大脑中共存，它们以特定于内容和非特定于内容的方式影响感知。在……里面 此外，这两个自发过程似乎对知觉结果具有双重分离的影响， 影响敏感度和判据。这些初步发现指向了一个新的、统一的框架 用于概念化自发大脑活动在知觉中的功能(双重)作用。 在这里，我们结合了两种先进的人脑成像技术，具有互补的空间和时间 分辨率-7-特斯拉功能磁共振成像和脑磁图-测试这一新技术 框架，并解决几个紧迫问题。目标1(解剖学)：哪些大脑结构产生 感知相关的内容特定的和非内容特定的自发大脑活动？目标2(医疗模式 特异性)：与感知相关的自发活动的哪些组成部分被限制在感觉中 感觉通道以及哪些组件在感觉通道之间共享？目标3(认知)：在感知上 相关的自发活动与特定任务的预期脑活动有共同的神经底物吗？ 回答这些问题将揭示知觉的神经基础和作用机制。 相关的自发脑活动。 这项拟议中的研究将阐明自发的大脑活动如何塑造感知过程和层面。 为更机械地理解各种神经精神病学的知觉障碍奠定了基础 疾病。我们的创新方法将测试一个新的框架，该框架有可能统一当前的竞争对手 并结合两种互补的尖端技术来监测人类的大脑活动。这部作品 将促进关于自发活动如何涉及大脑功能的知识，并产生有助于 完善关于知觉的理论。

Project Summary The human brain is active all the time. Spontaneous brain activity is richly structured across space and time, and disruption of its organization carries serious clinical consequences. Yet, how spontaneous brain activity participates in online brain functioning remains an open question. In the perceptual domain, it is well established that prestimulus spontaneous activity can influence perceptual outcome, but exactly how it participates in stimulus and perceptual processing remains poorly understood. This gap in knowledge hinders our ability to explain and treat perceptual disturbances in a wide range of clinical disorders. The proposed project aims to close this gap. Two competing hypotheses about the functional mechanisms of spontaneous brain activity have been proposed: one proposes that it carries specific functional information shaped by previous sensory experiences; the other suggests that it largely reflects nonspecific changes in arousal or behavioral states. Recent work from our laboratory provided evidence that both hypotheses are correct and, in fact, two separate spontaneous processes coexist in the human brain that influence perception in a content-specific and a non-content-specific manner. In addition, these two spontaneous processes appear to have doubly dissociable influences on perceptual outcome, impacting sensitivity and criterion, respectively. These preliminary findings point to a novel, unifying framework for conceptualizing the functional (dual) role of spontaneous brain activity in perception. Here, we combine two advanced human brain imaging technologies with complementary spatial and temporal resolution—7-Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetoencephalography—to test this new framework and address several urgent questions. Aim 1 (Anatomy): Which brain structures generate perceptually relevant content-specific and non-content-specific spontaneous brain activity? Aim 2 (Modality specificity): Which components of perceptually relevant spontaneous activity are constrained within a sensory modality and which components are shared across sensory modalities? Aim 3 (Cognition): Does perceptually relevant spontaneous activity have shared neural substrate with task-specific anticipatory brain activity? Answering these questions will reveal the neural underpinnings and functional mechanisms of perceptually relevant spontaneous brain activity. The proposed research will shed light on how spontaneous brain activity shapes perceptual processing and lay the foundation for a more mechanistic understanding of perceptual disturbances in a variety of neuropsychiatric illnesses. Our innovative approach will test a novel framework that has the potential to unify current competing theories and combine two complementary, cutting-edge technologies to monitor human brain activity. This work will advance knowledge of how spontaneous activity is involved in brain functions and produce insights that help to refine theories on perception.