Risk and protective factors associated with the development of depression and allostatic load in young adults of Mexican origin.

与墨西哥裔年轻人抑郁症和调节负荷发展相关的风险和保护因素。

• 批准号: 10297763
• 负责人: Johnna Rose Swartz
• 金额: $ 42.02万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-07-15 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10297763
• 关键词: 10 year old; 19 year old; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; African American; Age; Anterior; Blood; Blood Pressure; Brain; California; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chronic; Data; Data Collection; Development; Developmental Process; Diabetes Mellitus; Discrimination; Economics; Exhibits; Exposure to; Face; Family; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Health; Hispanics; Hydrocortisone; Impaired cognition; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Latin American; Longitudinal Studies; Major Depressive Disorder; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Mexican; Minority Groups; Mission; Modeling; National Institute of Mental Health; Parent-Child Relations; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Population; Process; Reporting; Research; Resistance; Rewards; Risk; Risk Factors; Salivary; Sampling; Specific qualifier value; Spottings; Stress; Testing; United States; Ventral Striatum; Waist-Hip Ratio; Youth; allostatic load; alpha-amylase; biological adaptation to stress; biological sex; cingulate cortex; coping; cost; depressive symptoms; ethnic discrimination; ethnic identity; ethnic minority population; experience; high risk; indexing; informant; neuromechanism; novel; optimism; outcome prediction; physical conditioning; predictive modeling; prevent; prospective; protective factors; psychosocial; racial minority; relating to nervous system; resilience; response; self esteem; social exclusion; therapy development; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT People of Latin American origin are projected to comprise over 28% of the United States (U.S.) population by 2060 and close to 70% of the Latino population is comprised of people of Mexican origin. Racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S., including people of Mexican origin, face higher rates of perceived discrimination and economic hardship. Prior research suggests that exposure to these forms of adversity leads to both higher risk for depression as well as increased allostatic load, or physical wear-and-tear on the body. In contrast, some research in African American samples suggests that ‘resilience,’ or resistance to developing mental health problems under conditions of adversity, may incur a cost of increased allostatic load during young adulthood. It is plausible that this mechanism may also occur for Mexican-origin individuals. This indicates a critical need to examine allostatic load in addition to depression symptoms to test whether some individuals who may appear ‘resilient’ in terms of low depression symptoms exhibit increased allostatic load in young adulthood. The current proposal aims to establish the association between adversity in adolescence and depression symptoms and allostatic load in young adulthood for those of Mexican origin, identify neural mechanisms mediating these associations, and discover protective factors that can mitigate these processes of risk. In this study, the research team proposes to collect a new wave of longitudinal data in the California Families Project (CFP), a longitudinal study that has followed 674 Mexican-origin youth and their families since youth were 10 years old. The study will capitalize on previous waves of longitudinal data collected in the CFP, including multi-informant assessments collected annually from age 10 to 21 and functional MRI data collected when youth were 16 and 19 years old. For this R01, the research team proposes to add a new wave of data collection (age 25 years) to assess allostatic load, current depression symptoms, and self-report of potential protective factors. The research team will test the following specific aims: 1) Examine the association between economic hardship and perceived discrimination experienced during adolescence and depression symptoms and allostatic load in young adulthood. 2) Identify the neural mechanisms through which specific forms of adversity predict depression symptoms and allostatic load in young adulthood. 3) Examine how ethnic identity, familism, parent-child relationship quality, self-esteem, active coping, optimism, and religiosity moderate associations between adversity, neural activity, depression symptoms, and allostatic load. This research will determine how adolescent adversity predicts depression and allostatic load in Mexican-origin young adults, identify neural mechanisms of risk that could be targeted in interventions, and identify protective factors that can mitigate depression risk that could be targeted in interventions. Critically, this research will establish which protective factors mitigate risk for depression without leading to increased allostatic load in young adulthood.

项目总结/摘要 拉丁美洲裔预计将占美国人口的28%以上。人口 到2060年，近70%的拉丁裔人口由墨西哥裔人组成。种族和族裔 美国的少数民族，包括墨西哥血统的人，面临更高的歧视率， 经济困难。先前的研究表明，暴露于这些形式的逆境会导致更高的风险， 抑郁症以及增加的非稳态负荷，或身体上的物理磨损。相比之下，一些 对非裔美国人样本的研究表明，“恢复力”或对心理健康发展的抵抗力 在逆境条件下的问题，可能会导致在年轻的成年期增加非稳态负荷的成本。它 这种机制也可能发生在墨西哥裔个体身上。这表明迫切需要 检查非稳态负荷除了抑郁症状，以测试是否有些人谁可能出现 就低抑郁症状而言，“有弹性”的人在年轻的成年期表现出增加的非稳态负荷。当前 该提案旨在建立青春期逆境与抑郁症状之间的联系， 对于那些墨西哥血统的人，在年轻的成年期，确定调节这些的神经机制， 协会，并发现可以减轻这些风险过程的保护因素。在这项研究中， 一个研究小组建议在加州家庭项目（CFP）中收集新一波的纵向数据，这是一个纵向的 这项研究跟踪了674名墨西哥裔青年及其家庭，从他们10岁开始。这项研究将 利用CFP中收集的前几波纵向数据，包括多信息源评估 从10岁到21岁每年收集一次，当年轻人16岁和19岁时收集功能性MRI数据。 对于该R 01，研究小组建议增加新一波数据收集（年龄25岁），以评估非稳态 负荷、当前抑郁症状和自我报告的潜在保护因素。研究小组将测试 （1）审查经济困难与所感受到的歧视之间的联系 在青春期和抑郁症症状和非稳态负荷在年轻的成年。2)识别 通过特定形式的逆境预测抑郁症状和适应性调节的神经机制 在年轻的成年期。3)考察民族认同、家庭主义、亲子关系质量、自尊、 积极应对、乐观和宗教信仰缓和了逆境、神经活动、抑郁之间的关联 症状和非稳态负荷。这项研究将确定青少年逆境如何预测抑郁症， 在墨西哥裔年轻人的非稳态负荷，确定神经机制的风险，可以针对 干预措施，并确定可以减轻抑郁症风险的保护因素， 干预措施。重要的是，这项研究将确定哪些保护因素可以降低抑郁症的风险， 导致青年期的非稳态负荷增加。