Systemic RNA Delivery to Tumors

全身性 RNA 递送至肿瘤

• 批准号: 10297216
• 负责人: Jinjun Shi
• 金额: $ 58.56万
• 依托单位: BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-21 至 2026-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10297216
• 关键词: Address; Adjuvant; Aftercare; Agonist; American Cancer Society; Animal Model; Apoptosis; Autophagocytosis; Biodistribution; Biological Markers; Blood Circulation; Cancer Patient; Cells; Cessation of life; Charge; Combined Modality Therapy; Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes; Development; Disease; Drug Kinetics; Economic Burden; Engineering; Excretory function; Face; Formulation; Foundations; Funding; Gene Expression; Generations; Genetically Engineered Mouse; Goals; Growth; HMGB1 Protein; Hybrids; Immune; Immune checkpoint inhibitor; Immune response; Immunocompetent; Immunologic Memory; In Vitro; Individual; Injections; Kidney; Light; Lipids; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of prostate; Mediating; Messenger RNA; Modality; Modeling; Molecular; Molecular Weight; Mus; Mutate; Mutation; Nature; Neoplasm Metastasis; Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma; Oncogenes; PTEN gene; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phenotype; Polymers; Predisposition; Prostate Cancer therapy; RNA; RNA delivery; Regulatory T-Lymphocyte; Research Project Grants; Role; Safety; Series; Small Interfering RNA; Solid Neoplasm; Surface; System; T cell response; TLR9 gene; TP53 gene; Technology; Testing; Therapeutic; Therapeutic Effect; Transfection; Transgenic Model; Translations; Tumor Cell Line; Tumor Immunity; Tumor Suppressor Proteins; United States; Validation; Work; anti-PD1 antibodies; anti-PD1 therapy; anti-tumor immune response; base; cancer cell; cancer therapy; cancer type; clinical development; cytokine; cytotoxic; cytotoxicity; immune checkpoint; immune checkpoint blockade; immunogenic cell death; improved; in vivo; metastasis prevention; nanomedicine; nanoparticle; nanoparticle delivery; nanotherapy; neoplastic cell; novel; novel strategies; novel therapeutics; nuclease; programmed cell death protein 1; prostate cancer cell; prostate cancer model; protein expression; restoration; social; subcutaneous; tumor; tumor growth; tumor microenvironment; tumor-immune system interactions; uptake

ABSTRACT The use of RNA technologies to specifically target genetic alterations in tumor cells has shown great potential of becoming a novel therapy modality for cancer treatment. Nevertheless, systemic delivery of RNA agents such as messenger RNA (mRNA) to tumor cells in vivo commonly faces multiple barriers, including low stability, rapid elimination by renal excretion, insufficient cellular uptake, poor endosomal escape, and transient activities. Our long-term objective is to develop robust nanoparticle (NP) platforms for effective and safe RNA delivery to solid tumors, and along with cancer target validation in vivo, to eventually transition the RNA nanomedicines into clinical development. In the last funding cycle, a lipid-polymer hybrid RNA NP system has been engineered with favorable features, such as small size, high RNA encapsulation, efficient cytosolic translocation, and relatively long blood circulation. We have also pioneered the application of these hybrid NPs for mRNA delivery to restore tumor suppressors (e.g., PTEN) in different cancer types including prostate cancer (PCa) and non-small cell lung cancer, which represents a novel approach to cancer treatment that is independent of oncogene antagonism. In our latest work, we further reveal that PTEN restoration in PTEN-null/mutated murine tumor cell lines can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD). Preliminary in vivo studies show that PTEN mRNA NP treatment triggers cytotoxic T cell responses, modulates the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and improves the responses of immune checkpoint blockade therapy. In this renewal application, we propose to i) address the unique challenge of transient bioactivity in mRNA delivery by developing a new generation of hybrid mRNA NPs, and ii) apply the new hybrid mRNA NPs to explore PTEN restoration-induced ICD and evaluate the anti-tumor efficacy of PTEN restoration along with immune checkpoint blockade. Specifically, the three Aims underlying the proposal are: 1) To optimize the new generation of hybrid NPs and study the NP-mediated long duration of mRNA bioactivity with the goal of achieving prolonged PTEN expression in PCa tumors using as infrequent injections as possible; 2) To apply the optimized mRNA NPs to investigate the mechanisms underlying PTEN-mediated ICD and anti- tumor immune responses and to evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety in subcutaneously grafted, orthotopic, and transgenic models of PCa; and 3) To expand the new hybrid mRNA NPs to systemic co-delivery of PTEN mRNA and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (a toll-like receptor-9 agonist) for stronger ICD and to test the co-delivery NPs for PCa treatment together with immune checkpoint inhibitors. We expect that successful completion of this project will lead to development of a novel synthetic mRNA nanotherapy that could benefit cancer patients with loss/mutation of PTEN. Moreover, this NP delivery strategy could be readily expanded to other tumor suppressor- encoding mRNAs for various malignancies.

抽象的 利用 RNA 技术特异性靶向肿瘤细胞的基因改变已显示出巨大的潜力 成为癌症治疗的新型治疗方式。然而，RNA 药物的全身递送，例如 作为体内肿瘤细胞的信使RNA（mRNA）通常面临多重障碍，包括稳定性低、快速 通过肾排泄消除、细胞摄取不足、内体逃逸不良和短暂活性。我们的 长期目标是开发强大的纳米颗粒 (NP) 平台，以有效、安全地将 RNA 递送至固体 肿瘤，以及体内癌症靶点验证，最终将 RNA 纳米药物转化为 临床开发。在上一个资助周期中，脂质聚合物混合 RNA NP 系统已被设计为 有利的特征，例如小尺寸、高RNA封装、有效的胞质易位以及相对 血液循环时间长。我们还率先应用这些混合纳米颗粒进行 mRNA 递送，以恢复 不同癌症类型（包括前列腺癌 (PCa) 和非小细胞肺癌）中的肿瘤抑制因子（例如 PTEN） 癌症，它代表了一种独立于癌基因拮抗作用的癌症治疗新方法。在 我们的最新工作，我们进一步揭示了 PTEN 缺失/突变的鼠肿瘤细胞系中 PTEN 的恢复可以诱导 免疫原性细胞死亡（ICD）。初步体内研究表明 PTEN mRNA NP 治疗会引发细胞毒性 T 细胞反应，调节免疫抑制肿瘤微环境，并提高 免疫检查点阻断疗法。在此续签申请中，我们建议 i) 解决独特的挑战 通过开发新一代混合 mRNA NP 来提高 mRNA 递送中的瞬时生物活性，并且 ii) 应用 新的杂交mRNA NPs探索PTEN恢复诱导的ICD并评估PTEN的抗肿瘤功效 恢复以及免疫检查点封锁。具体来说，该提案的三个目标是：1) 优化新一代混合纳米粒子并研究纳米粒子介导的长持续时间的 mRNA 生物活性 使用尽可能不频繁的注射来实现延长 PCa 肿瘤中 PTEN 表达的目标； 2） 应用优化的 mRNA NP 来研究 PTEN 介导的 ICD 和抗- 肿瘤免疫反应并评估皮下移植、原位、 PCa 转基因模型； 3) 将新的混合 mRNA NP 扩展到 PTEN 的系统共递送 mRNA 和 CpG 寡脱氧核苷酸（Toll 样受体 9 激动剂）用于更强的 ICD 并测试共同递送 与免疫检查点抑制剂一起用于 PCa 治疗的 NP。我们期待本次活动的顺利完成 该项目将开发一种新型合成 mRNA 纳米疗法，使癌症患者受益 PTEN 丢失/突变。此外，这种 NP 递送策略可以很容易地扩展到其他肿瘤抑制- 编码多种恶性肿瘤的 mRNA。