Building Capacity to Study the Intersection Between COVID-19 and HIV-Related Stigma among Adolescents in Western Kenya

建设研究肯尼亚西部青少年中 COVID-19 与艾滋病毒相关耻辱之间交叉点的能力

• 批准号: 10416389
• 负责人: Nema Aluku
• 金额: $ 11.06万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10416389
• 关键词: 2019-nCoV; AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Address; Adolescent; Affect; Age; Attitude; Award; Behavior; Belief; COVID-19; COVID-19 pandemic; Cause of Death; Coitus; Communities; Complex; Data; Discrimination; Disease; Epidemic; Exposure to; Face; Fistula; Focus Groups; Gender; Gender Role; Government; HIV; Health Personnel; Hospitals; Human immunodeficiency virus test; Kenya; Life; Marriage; Measures; Mental Health; Methods; Outcome; Parents; Perception; Persons; Policies; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Prevalence; Preventive; Public Health; Religion and Spirituality; Research; Research Priority; Resources; Risk; SARS-CoV-2 infection; Schools; Shapes; Social Behavior; Social Network; Societies; Stress; Structure; Surveys; United States National Institutes of Health; Universities; Unsafe Sex; Woman; Youth; base; boys; college; condom use rate; condoms; disorder control; experience; gender disparity; girls; high risk; negative affect; peer support; prevent; psychosocial; social; social capital; social relationships; social stigma; support network; teacher; trend

Project Summary/Abstract Kenya has one of the world's largest HIV and AIDS epidemics, with about 1.6 million people living with HIV and 25,000 people dying from AIDS in 2018. Adolescents, especially girls, are particularly vulnerable to HIV. In western Kenya, over 50% of adolescents had sexual intercourse before the age of 18; however, youth between the ages of 15-19 have low rates of condom use and HIV testing. Stigma negatively affects HIV prevention behaviors, including condom use and HIV testing. In Kenya, complex interactions between social capital, religiosity, and gender norms shape societies’ discriminating attitudes towards youth perceived to be infected with HIV (i.e., HIV-related stigma), which, in turn, affects HIV prevention. Our parent award aims to study the relationship between social capital, religiosity, gender norms, and HIV-related stigma among adolescents (ages 15-19) and its impact on HIV prevention in western Kenya. With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Kenyan government enacted mitigation strategies, including lockdowns. Although these policies are important to limit the spread of COVID-19, they have many unintended consequences among adolescents, such as increased risk of HIV. Additionally, people living with HIV have increased psychosocial burdens emanating from stress, isolation, and stigma due to COVID-19. These outcomes are compounded by a lack of social relationships, especially among youth. Therefore, this supplement will use a mixed-methods approach to assess the effects of COVID-19 mitigation measures on changes in social relationships (i.e., social capital, religiosity, gender norms), stigma, and HIV prevention among youth in western Kenya by addressing the following specific aims: (1) Examine trends in social capital, religiosity, gender norms, stigma, and HIV preventive behaviors before and after the COVID-19 lockdown among adolescents in western Kenya; and (2) Elucidate the drivers of change in social relationships, the experience of stigma, and the changes in HIV preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 lockdown in western Kenya. In Aim 1, we will employ two surveys to explore social relationships, stigma, and HIV prevention among 765 boys and girls ages 15-19 years. The two surveys will ask youth to recall their experiences and perceptions before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Aim 2, we will conduct 18 focus groups discussions with boys and girls ages 15-19 years, healthcare providers, parents, teachers, and religious leaders to explore their perceptions of how COVID-19 has changed the lives of young people, especially youth living with HIV. This supplement will illuminate the unintended consequences of COVID-19 disease control efforts in relation to HIV preventive behaviors among adolescents in Kenya. Additionally, this study will extend research capacity at Tangaza University College and Gynocare Women’s and Fistulas Hospital around studying the intersection between COVID-19 disease control efforts, stigma, and HIV prevention in Kenya.

项目概要/摘要 肯尼亚是世界上艾滋病毒和艾滋病流行最严重的国家之一，约有 160 万艾滋病毒感染者和艾滋病毒感染者。 2018 年，有 25,000 人死于艾滋病。青少年，尤其是女孩，特别容易感染艾滋病毒。在 在肯尼亚西部，超过50%的青少年在18岁之前发生过性行为；然而，青春之间 15-19岁年龄段的安全套使用率和艾滋病毒检测率较低。耻辱对艾滋病毒预防产生负面影响 行为，包括使用安全套和艾滋病毒检测。在肯尼亚，社会资本之间复杂的相互作用， 宗教信仰和性别规范塑造了社会对被认为被感染的年轻人的歧视态度 感染艾滋病毒（即与艾滋病毒相关的耻辱），这反过来又影响艾滋病毒的预防。我们的家长奖旨在研究 青少年社会资本、宗教信仰、性别规范和艾滋病毒相关耻辱之间的关系 （15-19 岁）及其对肯尼亚西部艾滋病毒预防的影响。 随着 COVID-19 大流行的出现，肯尼亚政府制定了缓解战略，包括 封锁。尽管这些政策对于限制 COVID-19 的传播很重要，但它们也有许多意想不到的问题 青少年中的后果，例如艾滋病毒风险增加。此外，艾滋病毒感染者 COVID-19 造成的压力、孤立和耻辱导致社会心理负担增加。这些 由于缺乏社会关系，尤其是青年人之间缺乏社会关系，结果更加复杂。因此，这 补充文件将使用混合方法来评估 COVID-19 缓解措施对 社会关系的变化（即社会资本、宗教信仰、性别规范）、耻辱和艾滋病毒预防 通过实现以下具体目标，提高肯尼亚西部青年的能力：(1) 检查社会资本的趋势， COVID-19 封锁前后的宗教信仰、性别规范、耻辱和艾滋病毒预防行为 肯尼亚西部的青少年； (2) 阐明社会关系变化的驱动因素， 西方国家在 COVID-19 封锁期间的耻辱经历以及 HIV 预防行为的变化 肯尼亚。在目标 1 中，我们将采用两项调查来探讨社会关系、耻辱和艾滋病毒预防 765 名 15-19 岁的男孩和女孩。这两项调查将要求年轻人回忆他们的经历并 COVID-19 大流行之前和期间的看法。在目标 2 中，我们将进行 18 场焦点小组讨论 与 15-19 岁的男孩和女孩、医疗保健提供者、家长、教师和宗教领袖一起探索 他们对 COVID-19 如何改变年轻人（尤其是感染艾滋病毒的年轻人）的生活的看法。 本增补将阐明与以下方面相关的 COVID-19 疾病控制工作的意外后果 肯尼亚青少年的艾滋病毒预防行为。此外，这项研究将扩展以下领域的研究能力： 坦加萨大学学院与Gynocare妇女和瘘医院周边研究路口 肯尼亚的 COVID-19 疾病控制工作、耻辱和艾滋病毒预防之间的关系。