Historic Violence and Contemporary Racial Disparities in Birth Outcomes

历史暴力和当代出生结果的种族差异

• 批准号: 10322070
• 负责人: Amy Kate Bailey
• 金额: $ 19.47万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2023-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10322070
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Alabama; American; Arkansas; Attitude; Biological; Birth; Censuses; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Characteristics; Child; Chronic; Climate; Communities; Community Surveys; Conflict (Psychology); Country; County; Data; Demographic Factors; Disadvantaged; Economics; Epigenetic Process; Equipment and supply inventories; Fetal Death; Florida; Health; Health Status; Incidence; Individual; Industrialization; Inequality; Infant Mortality; Inherited; Kentucky; Knowledge; Life; Link; Louisiana; Low Birth Weight Infant; Maternal and Child Health; Measures; Mission; Mississippi; Mothers; North Carolina; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Perinatal; Persons; Play; Political Factor; Population; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Premature Birth; Prevalence; Process; Public Health; Race; Recording of previous events; Records; Research; Rest; Role; Scholarship; Shapes; Social Environment; Socioeconomic Factors; South Carolina; Stigmatization; Stress; Structure; Tennessee; Time; Trauma; United States; United States National Center for Health Statistics; United States National Institutes of Health; Ursidae Family; Variant; Violence; Virginia; Weather; Woman; Work; alertness; base; black women; community-level factor; expectation; experience; fetal; health disparity; imprint; improved; infant death; infant outcome; innovation; interest; perceived discrimination; racial disparity; racism; residence; response; secondary analysis; social; social inequality; social stigma; social structure; sociodemographics; trait; vigilance; women of color

Abstract Racism and racist structures shape the social environment for all Americans, although the durable imprint of place on health and health disparities remains underexamined. Racial disparities and spatial variation in health outcomes are only partially explained by contemporary socioeconomic, political, and demographic factors, and a growing chorus of scholarship suggests that historical antecedents may play an important role. Extant research documents relationships between historical mob violence and indicators of the contemporary racial climate, and between experiences of racism and local racial attitudes and pregnancy outcomes. This project will interrogate how county-level variation in historic violence may be directly and systematically linked to local prevalence of and racial disparities in a variety of pregnancy outcomes (infant mortality, fetal death, pre-term birth, and low birth weight). We will also examine how historic patterns of mob violence may shape spatial variation in the pace of improvement in these metrics. We expect to find that women living in counties with a greater incidence and intensity of historical mob violence will experience worse pregnancy outcomes overall, and larger race-based disparities. We also anticipate finding slower improvement of these critical health metrics in places with more violent histories. We will utilize data on the incidence of different forms of mob violence (Beck and Tolnay 2015, Beck 2018) in counties across eleven southern states between 1882 and 1950 to identify the number of threatened, averted, and completed lynchings that took place there. We will merge these data with contemporary information from the restricted access CDC National Center for Health Statistics’ Natality, Fetal Death, and linked Birth-Infant Mortality files (Natality Files). We will attempt to isolate the effects of mob violence by incorporating aggregated county-level data from historic census records for factors known to have predicted lynchings, and contemporary community characteristics, as identified in the American Community Survey and population census, that are associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. We hypothesize that the historical experience of violent community conflict will have a durable effect on the health outcomes for women living in those places today, and black women living in those communities with bear a disproportionate health burden. If persistent social inequality and structural racial violence are also associated with historic local experiences of mob violence, we may also witness a slower improvement in rates of IM, FD, PTB and LBW, either among all women or concentrated among black women. With this project, we seek evidence from analyses of secondary data as a first step towards identifying biological mechanisms that would support these hypotheses.

摘要 种族主义和种族主义结构塑造了所有美国人的社会环境，尽管 对健康和健康差距的影响仍未得到充分研究。健康方面的种族差异和空间差异 结果只能部分地由当代社会经济、政治和人口因素解释，并且 越来越多的学者异口同声地表示，历史背景可能起到了重要作用。现有研究 记录历史上的暴徒暴力与当代种族气候指标之间的关系，以及 种族主义经历与当地种族态度和妊娠结局之间的关系。这个项目将审问 历史暴力在县级的变化如何可能直接和系统地与当地的 以及各种妊娠结局的种族差异(婴儿死亡率、胎儿死亡、早产和低出生 出生体重)。我们还将研究暴徒暴力的历史模式如何影响速度的空间差异 这些指标的改进。我们预计会发现，生活在发病率较高的县的妇女 历史上暴徒暴力的强度将经历更糟糕的总体怀孕结果，以及更大的种族基础 差距。我们还预计，在这些关键运行状况指标改善较慢的地方， 暴力历史。我们将利用关于不同形式的暴徒暴力发生率的数据(Beck和Tolnay 2015， Beck 2018)在1882年至1950年期间在南部11个州的县进行调查，以确定 威胁、避免并完成了发生在那里的私刑。我们将把这些数据与当代数据合并 来自受限访问CDC国家卫生统计中心的出生、胎儿死亡和链接的信息 出生-婴儿死亡档案(出生档案)。我们将试图通过将暴徒暴力的影响 从历史人口普查记录中汇总县级数据，了解已知的预测私刑的因素，以及 当代社区特征，如美国社区调查和人口 人口普查，这与不良的妊娠结局有关。我们假设历史经验表明 暴力社区冲突将对生活在这些地方的妇女的健康结果产生持久影响 今天，生活在这些社区的黑人妇女承受着不成比例的健康负担。如果持久化 社会不平等和结构性种族暴力也与当地历史上暴徒暴力的经历有关， 在所有女性中，IM、FD、PTB和LBW的发生率也可能出现较慢的改善 集中在黑人女性中。通过这个项目，我们从对次要数据的分析中寻找证据作为 确定支持这些假说的生物学机制的第一步。