Historic Violence and Contemporary Racial Disparities in Birth Outcomes

历史暴力和当代出生结果的种族差异

• 批准号: 10322070
• 负责人: Amy Kate Bailey
• 金额: $ 19.47万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2023-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10322070
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Alabama; American; Arkansas; Attitude; Biological; Birth; Censuses; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Characteristics; Child; Chronic; Climate; Communities; Community Surveys; Conflict (Psychology); Country; County; Data; Demographic Factors; Disadvantaged; Economics; Epigenetic Process; Equipment and supply inventories; Fetal Death; Florida; Health; Health Status; Incidence; Individual; Industrialization; Inequality; Infant Mortality; Inherited; Kentucky; Knowledge; Life; Link; Louisiana; Low Birth Weight Infant; Maternal and Child Health; Measures; Mission; Mississippi; Mothers; North Carolina; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Perinatal; Persons; Play; Political Factor; Population; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Premature Birth; Prevalence; Process; Public Health; Race; Recording of previous events; Records; Research; Rest; Role; Scholarship; Shapes; Social Environment; Socioeconomic Factors; South Carolina; Stigmatization; Stress; Structure; Tennessee; Time; Trauma; United States; United States National Center for Health Statistics; United States National Institutes of Health; Ursidae Family; Variant; Violence; Virginia; Weather; Woman; Work; alertness; base; black women; community-level factor; expectation; experience; fetal; health disparity; imprint; improved; infant death; infant outcome; innovation; interest; perceived discrimination; racial disparity; racism; residence; response; secondary analysis; social; social inequality; social stigma; social structure; sociodemographics; trait; vigilance; women of color

Abstract Racism and racist structures shape the social environment for all Americans, although the durable imprint of place on health and health disparities remains underexamined. Racial disparities and spatial variation in health outcomes are only partially explained by contemporary socioeconomic, political, and demographic factors, and a growing chorus of scholarship suggests that historical antecedents may play an important role. Extant research documents relationships between historical mob violence and indicators of the contemporary racial climate, and between experiences of racism and local racial attitudes and pregnancy outcomes. This project will interrogate how county-level variation in historic violence may be directly and systematically linked to local prevalence of and racial disparities in a variety of pregnancy outcomes (infant mortality, fetal death, pre-term birth, and low birth weight). We will also examine how historic patterns of mob violence may shape spatial variation in the pace of improvement in these metrics. We expect to find that women living in counties with a greater incidence and intensity of historical mob violence will experience worse pregnancy outcomes overall, and larger race-based disparities. We also anticipate finding slower improvement of these critical health metrics in places with more violent histories. We will utilize data on the incidence of different forms of mob violence (Beck and Tolnay 2015, Beck 2018) in counties across eleven southern states between 1882 and 1950 to identify the number of threatened, averted, and completed lynchings that took place there. We will merge these data with contemporary information from the restricted access CDC National Center for Health Statistics’ Natality, Fetal Death, and linked Birth-Infant Mortality files (Natality Files). We will attempt to isolate the effects of mob violence by incorporating aggregated county-level data from historic census records for factors known to have predicted lynchings, and contemporary community characteristics, as identified in the American Community Survey and population census, that are associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. We hypothesize that the historical experience of violent community conflict will have a durable effect on the health outcomes for women living in those places today, and black women living in those communities with bear a disproportionate health burden. If persistent social inequality and structural racial violence are also associated with historic local experiences of mob violence, we may also witness a slower improvement in rates of IM, FD, PTB and LBW, either among all women or concentrated among black women. With this project, we seek evidence from analyses of secondary data as a first step towards identifying biological mechanisms that would support these hypotheses.

摘要 种族主义和种族主义结构塑造了所有美国人的社会环境，尽管种族主义的持久印记 对健康和健康差距的研究仍然不足。健康方面的种族差异和空间差异 当代社会经济、政治和人口因素只能部分解释这些结果， 越来越多的学者认为，历史先例可能起着重要作用。现存的研究 记录历史上暴民暴力与当代种族气候指标之间的关系， 种族主义的经历和当地种族态度与怀孕结果之间的关系。这个项目将审问 县级历史性暴力的差异如何直接和系统地与当地的 在各种妊娠结局（婴儿死亡率、胎儿死亡、早产和低出生率）方面存在种族差异。 出生体重）。我们还将研究暴民暴力的历史模式如何塑造节奏的空间变化 这些指标的改善。我们希望发现，生活在发病率较高的县的妇女， 历史上暴民暴力的强度将经历更糟糕的怀孕结果， 差距。我们还预计，在人口较多的地方，这些关键健康指标的改善速度较慢。 暴力史我们将利用关于不同形式的暴民暴力发生率的数据（Beck和Tolnay 2015， 贝克2018）在1882年至1950年期间，在11个南部州的县，以确定 威胁，避免，并完成私刑发生在那里。我们将把这些数据与当代 来自CDC国家卫生统计中心的出生率，胎儿死亡和相关信息 婴儿死亡率文件（出生率文件）。我们将尝试通过将暴力的影响 从历史人口普查记录中汇总县级数据，以确定已知的预测私刑的因素，以及 当代社区特征，如在美国社区调查和人口 人口普查，这与不良妊娠结局有关。我们假设， 暴力社区冲突将对生活在这些地方的妇女的健康结果产生持久影响 今天，生活在这些社区的黑人妇女承受着不成比例的健康负担。如果任由继续 社会不平等和结构性种族暴力也与当地历史上的暴民暴力有关， 我们也可以看到IM、FD、PTB和LBW的改善速度较慢，无论是在所有女性中， 主要集中在黑人女性中。在这个项目中，我们从二手数据分析中寻找证据， 这是确定支持这些假设的生物学机制的第一步。