Genetic origin, developmental mechanism, and evolutionary process of a novel phenotype in Mimulus (monkeyflowers)

酸浆菌（猴花）新表型的遗传起源、发育机制和进化过程

• 批准号: 10341122
• 负责人: Yaowu Yuan
• 金额: $ 29.92万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-03-01 至 2024-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10341122
• 关键词: Address; Anabolism; Anthocyanins; Automobile Driving; Behavioral; Biology; Butterflies; Chemicals; Chromosome Mapping; Color; Complex; Correlation Studies; Development; Distant; Evolution; Flowers; Frequencies; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Mutation; Generations; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Drift; Genetic Transcription; Genomics; Goals; Habitats; Horns; Human; Inbreeding; Investigation; Lateral; MYB gene; Mimulus; Molecular; Morphology; Mutagenesis; Mutation; Nature; Order Coleoptera; Organism; Pattern; Pattern Formation; Phenotype; Pigmentation physiologic function; Pigments; Plant Leaves; Plants; Population; Pregnancy; Process; Protocols documentation; Research; Role; Source; Stress; Structure; System; Testing; Time; Transgenic Organisms; Translating; Turtles; Work; base; causal variant; experimental study; fascinate; genetic analysis; genetic resource; innovation; insight; member; mutant; novel; programs; promoter; tool; trait; virtual

Project Summary The emergence of qualitatively distinct new structures or patterns (e.g., turtle shells, beetle horns, butterfly color patterns, plant flowers) is one of the most fascinating aspects of organismal evolution. How such novel, complex traits have originated and evolved remains one of the most important yet challenging problems of evolutionary biology. It is widely assumed that novel structures or patterns arise by co-option or rewiring of pre-existing developmental programs, but we know very little about the specific genetic changes that trigger such co-option or developmental rewiring, how the genetic changes translate to novel phenotypes, what kind of developmental pre-settings or cryptic pre-patterns are required for the the trigger gene(s) to produce the novel phenotype and how these cryptic pre-patterns come about, and how the novel phenotypes rise in frequency in natural habitats (i.e., the evolutionary process). This project is to address these fundamental questions by studying a novel, qualitatively distinct, pigmentation pattern that evolved very recently in a wild population of Mimulus verbenaceus (crimson monkeyflower), a species amenable to genetic and developmental manipulations as well as evolutionary analyses or/and ecological interrogations. We propose to: (i) Identify the causal gene and mutation(s) underlying the novel pigmentation pattern by genetic mapping and transgenic experiments; (ii) Characterize the developmental pre-settings (cryptic pre- patterns) required for the formation of the novel pigmentation pattern by identifying multiple upstream activators and repressors, through analysis of chemically induced mutants with altered pigmentation patterns; (iii) Elucidate the evolutionary process through which the novel phenotype rose in frequency in the natural habitat by population genomics analyses and field experiments. We anticipate that these studies will, for the first time, provide a detailed view of the genetic and developmental mechanisms as well as the evolutionary process driving the emergence of a novel phenotype in nature. The successful completion of this project is also expected to help move the field forward by shifting the focus from correlational studies and just-so stories of morphological innovations that happened in the distant past, to rigorous genetic, developmental, and evolutionary analyses of novel phenotypes that are still in the initial stage of emergence.

项目摘要 质量上不同的新结构或模式的出现（例如，龟壳，甲虫角，蝴蝶 颜色模式，植物花朵）是生物进化中最迷人的方面之一。有多少信息 新的、复杂的性状的起源和进化仍然是最重要但最具挑战性的问题之一。 进化生物学的问题。人们普遍认为，新的结构或模式是通过增选或 重新连接预先存在的发育程序，但我们对特定的遗传变化知之甚少。 引发这种共同选择或发展重新布线，基因变化如何转化为新的 表型，什么样的发展预设或神秘的前模式是触发所需的 基因产生新的表型，这些神秘的前模式是如何产生的，以及新的表型是如何产生的。 表型在自然栖息地中的频率上升（即，进化过程）。该项目旨在解决 通过研究一种新的、性质不同的色素沉着模式， 最近在一个野生种群的Mimulus verbenaceus（深红猴花），一个物种适合 遗传和发育操纵以及进化分析或/和生态询问。 我们建议：（i）通过以下方法确定新色素沉着模式的致病基因和突变 遗传作图和转基因实验;（ii）表征发育预设（隐性预设） 通过鉴定多个上游色素沉着模式， 激活子和抑制子，通过分析化学诱导的色素改变的突变体 模式;（iii）阐明了新表型在进化过程中频率上升的过程。 通过种群基因组学分析和田间试验，我们预计这些研究 将首次详细介绍遗传和发育机制以及 自然界中新表型出现的进化过程。圆满完成 该项目还有望通过将重点从相关性研究转移到其他领域来推动该领域的发展 从遥远的过去形态学上的创新，到严格的遗传学， 发展和进化分析的新的表型，仍然处于初始阶段， 出现。