An evolutionary framework to elucidate and interpret the genetic architecture of complex traits in diverse populations

阐明和解释不同人群复杂性状遗传结构的进化框架

• 批准号: 10458746
• 负责人: Charleston Chiang
• 金额: $ 40.98万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-01 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10458746
• 关键词: Address; Alleles; Childhood Leukemia; Collaborations; Communities; Complex; Data Analyses; Development; Disease; Etiology; European; Future; Genealogical Tree; Genetic; Genetic Research; Genomics; Goals; Heritability; Human; Individual; Latino Population; Medical Genetics; Meta-Analysis; Modernization; Native Hawaiian; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Obesity; Performance; Persons; Phenotype; Polynesian; Population; Population Genetics; Population Heterogeneity; Positioning Attribute; Recording of previous events; Research; Resources; Risk; Thinking; Variant; clinical practice; disorder risk; ethnic minority; experience; genetic analysis; genetic architecture; genetic epidemiology; genetic evolution; health disparity; improved; method development; personalized care; phenome; pressure; programs; trait

Project Summary / Abstract Both environmental and genetic factors contribute to disparity in disease risks between populations. The genetic causes of differences between populations are intimately tied to the evolutionary histories of these populations. Therefore, a better incorporation of evolutionary thinking will help explain the disparity among diverse populations today and improve clinical practices and personalized care. To this end, the Chiang Lab will continue to develop an integrative framework combining evolutionary population genetics with genetic epidemiology in humans, utilizing both empirical data analysis and quantitative methods development to better probe into the genetic architecture of complex traits within and between populations. This integrative framework consists of three main foci: (1) the genetic architecture of human complex traits, (2) the demographic history, and (3) the adaptive history of human populations. Research in the first topic informs the genetic consequences on our phenome today, while research in the latter two explains the evolutionary mechanisms through which variation arise within and between human populations. More importantly, research from the Chiang Lab focuses not solely on these topics, but also leverages information on one to inform the other. Within this paradigm, the Chiang Lab will focus on the following three goals over the next five years. First, we will execute a comprehensive genetic research program to address the health disparities in Native Hawaiians. Specifically, we will generate the genomic resources necessary to accelerate genetic research in this population. We will then characterize the demographic history of the Native Hawaiians to illustrate the benefit of conducting genomic studies in understudied populations, perform large-scale meta-analysis in Polynesian populations to identify population- specific alleles associated with diseases prevalent in Native Hawaiians, and engage the Native Hawaiian community for future partnership and collaborations. Second, we will investigate the evolutionary etiology for elevated risk in present-day populations. Using Latino population as an example, we will examine if the elevated risk in childhood leukemia in this population is due to the selective pressure introduced during European contact in the 16th century. Third, we will revolutionize the current concept of genetic relatedness by introducing a new genetic similarity matrix among individuals that incorporates information from the genealogical tree of the population. This matrix will improve the performance of a number of statistical genetic applications, such as heritability estimation and phenotype imputation. While we used Native Hawaiians and Latinos as example populations in this proposal, this integrated framework of genetic epidemiology and evolution will also benefit future research in other understudied ethnic minorities. We are uniquely positioned to achieve these goals because of our expertise in combining population genetic principles with medical genetic analysis and statistical genetic development.

项目摘要/摘要