Social Media and Substance Use Risk and Resilience Among Gender Minority Emerging Adults

项目摘要/摘要 性别少数群体，他们的性别认同与他们出生时分配的性别不同，包括 变性人、性别不一致和非双性恋者面临的药物使用风险是普通人的2-4倍 不利的心理健康后果(例如，进食障碍症状)比顺性(即非性别少数) 人口。为了缓解这些严重但未得到充分研究的差距，关键是要确定有效的预防措施。 针对性别少数群体的干预措施，特别是在成年初期，这是一个关键的发展时期，可提供 预防药物使用的独特风险和机会。研究提出了几个相关的目标 对这个年龄段的人进行预防性干预。这包括社会应激源的作用(例如，反变性者 耻辱，包括在线)、有针对性的营销和社会文化形象理想(例如，对男性的压力 看起来“阳刚的”，女人看起来“女性化”)，这两者都会加剧身体的不满，这有 在性别少数群体中与药物使用和不良心理健康后果有关。在线环境， 尤其是社交媒体(如Instagram)，提供了前所未有的获取性别支持资源的途径 少数民族新兴成年人，但也为有害地接触污名化信息提供了新的渠道， 烟酒行业的针对性营销，以及社会文化形象理想。目前还不知道是如何做到的 应该利用社交媒体来防止性别少数的新兴成年人使用药物。到目前为止， 还没有制定干预措施来解决在线应激源(例如，耻辱)的独特影响 影响转基因新人身体不满和物质使用的复原力因素(例如，社会支持)。在……里面 为了应对这些研究差距，我的长期目标是开发、测试和传播有效的干预措施 在性别少数的年轻人中预防药物使用。我这项提议的目标是获得 培训(1)研究社交媒体和健康行为的理论和方法，(2)以技术为基础 行为干预开发和测试，以及(3)社区参与研究，我将应用于 建议的研究。响应美国国立卫生研究院2021-2025财年战略规划，推进对 性少数群体和性别少数群体的健康和福祉，并受到少数群体压力理论的启发 肯定框架和社交媒体效应的交易模型，本研究的具体目的是 1)调查与以下方面有关的性别少数民族新成人(18-25岁)的经历和干预需求 社交媒体、身体不满和物质使用；以及2)聘请社区咨询委员会(CAB)来 开发简短的在线管理的社交媒体干预，以减少身体的不满和实质 在少数性别的新兴成年人中使用风险，并测试干预的可行性和可接受性。这个 密集的职业发展培训和这项研究的研究成果将为 今后测试和传播针对这一未得到充分服务的人群的需要的干预材料。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Gender minority populations, who have a gender identity that differs from their assigned sex at birth, including transgender, gender nonconforming, and nonbinary people, face 2-4 times greater risk of substance use and adverse mental health outcomes (e.g., eating disorder symptoms) than cisgender (that is, non-gender minority) populations. To mitigate these severe but understudied disparities, it is critical to identify effective preventive interventions for gender minorities, particularly in emerging adulthood, a critical developmental period offering unique risks as well as opportunities for substance use prevention. Research suggests several relevant targets for preventive interventions in this age group. This includes the role of social stressors (e.g., anti-transgender stigma, including online), targeted marketing, and sociocultural appearance ideals (e.g., pressure for men to look “masculine,” women to look “feminine”), both of which can exacerbate body dissatisfaction, which has been linked to substance use and adverse mental health outcomes in gender minorities. Online environments, especially social media (e.g., Instagram), offer unprecedented access to supportive resources for gender minority emerging adults, but also provide new channels for harmful exposure to stigmatizing messages, targeted marketing by alcohol and tobacco industries, and sociocultural appearance ideals. It is not known how social media should be leveraged to prevent substance use among gender minority emerging adults. To date, no intervention has been developed to address the unique impact of online stressors (e.g., stigma) and resilience factors (e.g., social support) on body dissatisfaction and substance use for GM emerging adults. In response to these research gaps, my long-term goal is to develop, test, and disseminate effective interventions for substance use prevention among gender minority young people. My objective for this proposal is to obtain training in (1) theory and methods for research on social media and health behaviors, (2) technology-based behavioral intervention development and testing, and (3) community-engaged research, which I will apply to the proposed research. Responding to the NIH FY 2021-2025 Strategic Plan to Advance Research on the Health and Well-being of Sexual and Gender Minorities and informed by the Minority Stress Theory, Gender Affirmation Framework, and Transactional Model of social media effects, the specific aims of this research are to: 1) investigate gender minority emerging adult (18-25 years) experiences and intervention needs related to social media, body dissatisfaction and substance use; and 2) engage a community advisory board (CAB) to develop a brief, online-administered social media intervention to reduce body dissatisfaction and substance use risk in gender minority emerging adults and test the intervention for feasibility and acceptability. The intensive career development training and the research findings from this study will lay the groundwork for future testing and dissemination of intervention materials tailored to the needs of this underserved population.