Cortical-hippocampal interactions underlying rapid learning in naturalistic environments

项目摘要/摘要 哺乳动物大脑存储和检索信息的能力令人惊叹。详细、复杂 只需一次曝光就可以形成记忆，这些记忆可以保留几十年。 这种能力在海马体受损后受到损害，海马体之间的相互作用 而新大脑皮层被认为是系统记忆巩固的关键。记忆力受损是一种衰弱 疾病的后果，如颞叶癫痫、阿尔茨海默病、抑郁症和精神分裂症 这些措施总共影响了2500多万美国人。然而，我们对赛道的理解 支持记忆巩固和快速新学习的机制是不完整的，特别是在 灵长类动物的大脑。我们的长期目标是有助于更好地理解 这是记忆过程的基础，使我们更接近为这些残疾患者开发新的治疗方法。 心理学理论和行为研究表明，快速、单次试验积累的 信息是由先验知识促成的，这是一种提供了一个框架的“心理图式”， 信息是可以被吸收的。海马体被认为是提取和代表 在学习过程中保持的规律，这些规律构成了认知图式。 确定海马体如何支持这一认知框架将是理解 记忆巩固所必需的海马体-新皮质相互作用。建议进行的实验 这里将直接研究学习和巩固过程中的海马区-大脑皮层相互作用。我们建议 利用最新可用的技术发展来促进我们对支持 快速学习新知识。具体地说，我们建议对单个神经元进行大规模记录 在猴子的海马体、顶叶皮质和前额叶皮质中，接受训练以执行 虚拟环境中的对象-位置关联。我们将使用稳定和不稳定的环境来检查 图式对联想学习和神经活动的影响，我们将跟踪学习过程中的神经活动 研究支持图式形成的机制。拟议中的实验具有 以下可能的结果：1)确定在海马区、顶叶和顶叶的单个单位的网络活动 和前额叶皮质，以支持物体-位置联想学习，2)识别交叉-位置联想的动态 在图式开发和快速发展期间通过同步振荡活动进行区域交流 学习，以及3)识别睡眠和安静清醒时的海马区-皮质相互作用，并确定 这种相互作用如何影响记忆巩固。

Project Summary/Abstract The ability of the mammalian brain to store and later retrieve information is remarkable. Detailed, complex memories can be formed after as little as one exposure, and those memories can be retained for decades. This ability is compromised following damage to the hippocampus, and interaction between the hippocampus and the neocortex is thought to be critical for systems memory consolidation. Impaired memory is a debilitating consequence of diseases such as temporal lobe epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, depression, and schizophrenia that collectively affect over twenty-five million Americans. However, our understanding of the circuit mechanisms that support memory consolidation and rapid new learning is incomplete, particularly in the primate brain. Our long-range goal is to contribute to a better understanding of the neural mechanisms that underlie memory processes to bring us closer to developing new therapies for these disabled patients. Psychological theories and behavioral studies have suggested that rapid, single-trial accumulation of information is facilitated by prior knowledge, a “mental schema” that provides a framework onto which new information can be assimilated. The hippocampus is considered to be critical for extracting and representing regularities that hold across learning episodes, and these regularities constitute the cognitive schema. Determining how the hippocampus supports this cognitive framework will be critical to understanding the hippocampal-neocortical interactions that are necessary for memory consolidation. The experiments proposed here will directly examine hippocampal-cortical interactions during learning and consolidation. We propose to utilize newly available technical developments to advance our understanding of the mechanism that support rapid new learning. Specifically, we propose to perform large-scale recordings from individual neurons throughout the hippocampus, parietal cortex, and prefrontal cortex in monkeys trained to perform a task of object-place association in virtual environments. We will use stable and unstable environments to examine the impact of a schema on association learning and neural activity, and we will track neural activity during learning to investigate the mechanisms that support the formation of a schema. The proposed experiments have the following potential outcomes: 1) to identify the network activity across single units in the hippocampus, parietal and prefrontal cortex in support of object-place association learning, 2) to identify the dynamics of cross- regional communication through synchronized oscillatory activity during schema development and rapid learning, and 3) to identify hippocampal-cortical interaction during sleep and quiet wakefulness and determine how this interaction impacts memory consolidation.