Application of novel biomarkers to measure health impacts of anthropogenic change in the Amazon

应用新型生物标志物测量亚马逊地区人为变化对健康的影响

• 批准号: 10649933
• 负责人: Beth Feingold
• 金额: $ 5.4万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT ALBANY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-18 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10649933
• 关键词: Address; Adoption; Adult; Animals; Area; Assessment tool; Biological Markers; Blood Pressure; Canes; Carbon; Cardiometabolic Disease; Cause of Death; Characteristics; Chickens; Communities; Complex; Country; Data; Development; Diet; Diet Surveys; Dietary Assessment; Dietary Practices; Dietary intake; Discipline; Disease; Ecosystem; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Farm; Fishes; Fogarty International Center; Food; Glycosylated hemoglobin A; Goals; Health; Height; High Density Lipoproteins; Household; Income; Life Style; Low-Density Lipoproteins; Manihot; Measures; Mission; Modeling; Nitrogen; Nutritional; Pattern; Peru; Population; Potato; Prevention strategy; Proteins; Proxy; Public Health; Research; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Rural; Sampling; Scientist; Shoulder; Strategic Planning; Surveys; Testing; Training; Triglycerides; Urbanization; Waist-Hip Ratio; Weight; Work; anthropogenesis; base; beef; cardiometabolic risk; cohort; comparison group; dietary; disorder prevention; disorder risk; global health; improved; infrastructure development; interest; low and middle-income countries; next generation; novel; novel marker; nutrition; stable isotope; sugar; western diet

Project Summary Cardiometabolic diseases are largely preventable but have remained the leading cause death worldwide for over 15 years. Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC) shoulder an increasing majority of this burden. Though often overlooked, rural, remote LMIC regions, such as the Amazon rainforest, are of particular interest as they are undergoing massive anthropogenic changes (i.e. resource extraction, infrastructure development and rapid urbanization) and as a result, have increasing availability of, and access to, the Western Diet. Addressing diet- related health risks associated with the demographic and nutritional transitions in these LMIC regions is crucial, but has been limited by the lack of quantitative biomarkers to measure dietary intake. Two promising non- invasive biomarkers for this application are carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (CIR and NIR). The CIR is elevated in key components (corn, sugar cane) of the Western, but not the traditional Amazonian (cassava, potatoes) diet. In contrast, the NIR is elevated in fish, a key traditional protein, but is not in animal-based foods characteristic of Westernization (e.g. farmed chicken, beef). Thus, CIR and NIR, which are potentially more sensitive and less biased than diet surveys, can provide objective enculturation proxies. While CIR and NIR have demonstrated associations with cardiometabolic risks in upper income countries, the associations in LMIC have yet to be investigated. The central hypothesis of this study is that CIR and NIR reflect the changing epidemiological profiles associated with urbanization and infrastructure development in a nutritionally transitioning populations. The objective of this proposal is to evaluate changes in adult dietary patterns and cardiometabolic disease risk profiles (hbA1C, HDL-C, LDL-C, height, weight, waist-hip ratio, blood pressure, and triglycerides) associated with the construction of the Interoceanic Highway (IOH) through Peru’s Southern Amazon by measuring these biomarkers of the nutrition transition and complementary dietary survey data. This study leverages two related studies that draw from the same population (combined cohort n=1958) with well- suited highway-adjacent and riverine comparison groups in varying stages of nutrition transition. Aim 1 tests the association between highway exposure and household level western diet adoption using stored samples from 2014. Aim 2 and Aim 3 follow the cohort forward in 2021 to test whether CIR and NIR are associated with cardiometabolic risks factors in the Amazon (Aim 2) and whether large-scale anthropogenic change modifies the diet-disease relationship (Aim 3) using stratified random effects models to account for household and community clustering. The expected contribution of this research is improved understanding of the specific changes in the dietary drivers of cardiometabolic disease risks associated with infrastructure development in remote LMIC regions by using novel unbiased dietary assessment tools. This work substantially adds to the limited body of evidence on novel biomarkers of the nutrition and transition. It and could apply to other areas undergoing infrastructure development and contribute to effective disease prevention strategies.

项目概要 心脏代谢疾病在很大程度上是可以预防的，但多年来一直是全球死亡的主要原因 15 年。中低收入国家（LMIC）承担着越来越多的这一负担。虽然经常 被忽视的农村、偏远中低收入国家地区，例如亚马逊雨林，特别令人感兴趣，因为它们 正在经历大规模的人为变化（即资源开采、基础设施发展和快速发展） 城市化），因此，西方饮食的可用性和获取机会越来越多。解决饮食问题—— 与这些中低收入国家地区的人口和营养转变相关的健康风险至关重要， 但由于缺乏测量饮食摄入量的定量生物标志物而受到限制。两个有前途的非 该应用的侵入性生物标志物是碳和氮稳定同位素比（CIR 和 NIR）。 CIR 是 西方的关键成分（玉米、甘蔗）有所升高，但传统的亚马逊（木薯、 土豆）饮食。相比之下，鱼类（一种重要的传统蛋白质）中的 NIR 升高，但动物性食品中的 NIR 却没有升高 西化的特征（例如养殖鸡肉、牛肉）。因此，CIR 和 NIR 可能更 比饮食调查更敏感且偏见更少，可以提供客观的文化适应指标。虽然 CIR 和 NIR 有 已证明与高收入国家的心脏代谢风险相关，中低收入国家的相关性 尚待调查。本研究的中心假设是 CIR 和 NIR 反映了变化 与营养领域城市化和基础设施发展相关的流行病学概况 过渡人群。该提案的目的是评估成人饮食模式的变化和 心脏代谢疾病风险概况（hbA1C、HDL-C、LDL-C、身高、体重、腰臀比、血压和 甘油三酯）与穿越秘鲁南部的跨洋高速公路（IOH）的建设有关 亚马逊通过测量这些营养转变的生物标志物和补充饮食调查数据。这 研究利用了两项相关研究，这些研究来自同一人群（联合队列 n=1958），并且具有良好的 适合处于不同营养转型阶段的高速公路附近和河流比较群体。目标 1 测试 高速公路暴露与家庭水平西方饮食采用之间的关联使用存储的样本 2014 年。目标 2 和目标 3 紧随 2021 年的队列，测试 CIR 和 NIR 是否与 亚马逊地区的心脏代谢风险因素（目标 2）以及大规模的人为变化是否会改变 使用分层随机效应模型来解释家庭和社区的饮食与疾病关系（目标 3） 聚类。这项研究的预期贡献是提高对具体变化的理解 与偏远中低收入国家基础设施发展相关的心脏代谢疾病风险的饮食驱动因素 通过使用新颖的公正饮食评估工具来评估地区。这项工作大大增加了有限的主体 营养和转变的新型生物标志物的证据。它也可以适用于其他正在经历的领域 基础设施发展并有助于有效的疾病预防战略。