Investigating the impact of local land use and zoning policies on equitably reducing tobacco retailer availability

项目概要/摘要 鉴于社区烟草零售商可用性 (TRA) 方面持续存在的种族和社会经济不平等， 减少 TRA 是减少烟草使用和烟草相关不平等的重要干预措施 疾病。为了解决 TRA 中的不平等问题，一些城市实施了基于许可的政策，例如 限制可能拥有在附近销售烟草许可证的零售商的数量。然而，当地 基于许可的政策可能难以在具有优先购买权的州实施，因为该州禁止当地 政府禁止制定烟草控制政策，例如零售商许可。迄今为止，已有 14 个州抢先当地 政府对烟草零售许可的监管。俄克拉荷马州 (OK) 是最全面的州之一 领先于全国各州，并且州对烟草零售商许可拥有专属权力。然而， 对 OK 法规的审查表明，国家并没有阻止地方规范分区或 土地利用。基于用途的分区可能能够通过监管零售商所在的土地（即地块）来减少 TRA 允许或禁止销售烟草制品（例如住宅、工业）。这种混合方法 研究（基于俄克拉荷马城和塔尔萨）将是第一个明确评估基于用途分区的影响的研究 在全面先发制人的状态下消除 TRA 中的种族和社会经济不平等。两人 具体目标包括： 1) 评估限制烟草零售商数量的政策的公平影响 某些区域和 2) 与当地主要利益相关者合作，确定传播的促进因素和障碍 目标 1 的调查结果和基于分区的烟草控制政策的实施。我们将利用地理 信息系统和空间流行病学方法来确定特定区域之间的关系， TRA 和社区社会人口特征。然后我们将模拟限制数量的政策 某些区域内的烟草零售商的数量，并比较 TRA 中观察到的社区不平等的变化 （例如，不平等现象的减弱；TRA 的百分比和绝对减少）政策前与政策后的比较。然后我们将使用一个 半结构化访谈指南，探讨关键利益相关者改善传播的建议 研究结果并更好地了解对实施分区的促进者和障碍的观点 确定烟草控制政策的基础，重点关注关键实施成果。这种创新和公平- 这项重点研究符合 NCI 的使命，即“支持全国范围内的癌症研究，推进科学发展” 知识并帮助所有人活得更长久、更健康”，长期目标是减少不平等现象 与烟草有关的癌症。这项研究以传播和实施科学最佳实践为基础 并可能产生 TRA 和亲公平效应减少的证据，这可能为新的 一套可以促进烟草控制和健康公平的政策工具，特别是在先发制人的国家。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Given persistent racialized and socioeconomic inequities in neighborhood tobacco retailer availability (TRA), decreasing TRA is an important intervention for decreasing inequities in tobacco use and tobacco-related disease. To address inequities in TRA, several cities have implemented licensing-based policies such as limiting the number of retailers that may possess a license to sell tobacco in a neighborhood. However, local licensing-based policies may be difficult to implement in states with preemption, which prohibits local governments from enacting tobacco control policies such as retailer licensing. To date, 14 states preempt local governments from regulating tobacco retail licensing. Oklahoma (OK) is one of the most comprehensively preempted states in the nation, and the state has exclusive authority over tobacco retailer licensing. However, an examination of OK’s statutes reveals that the state does not preempt localities from regulating zoning or land use. Use-based zoning may be able to reduce TRA by regulating the land (i.e., parcels) where retailers are permitted or prohibited from selling tobacco products (e.g., residential, industrial). This mixed-methods study (based in Oklahoma City and Tulsa) will be the first to explicitly evaluate the impacts of use-based zoning on eliminating racialized and socioeconomic inequities in TRA in a comprehensively preempted state. The two Specific Aims include: 1) Evaluate the equity impacts of policies that cap the number of tobacco retailers in certain zones and 2) Engage with local key stakeholders to identify facilitators and barriers to the dissemination of Aim 1 findings and implementation of zoning-based tobacco control policies. We will use geographic information systems and spatial epidemiology methods to identify the relationships between specific zones, TRA, and neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics. We will then simulate policies that limit the number of tobacco retailers within certain zones and compare changes in observed neighborhood inequities in TRA (e.g., weakening of inequities; percent and absolute decreases in TRA) pre- vs. post-policy. We will then use a semi-structured interview guide to explore key stakeholder recommendations for improving the dissemination of study results and to better understand perspectives on facilitators and barriers to implementing zoning- based tobacco control policies in OK, focusing on key implementation outcomes. This innovative and equity- focused study fits within NCI’s mission to “support cancer research across the nation to advance scientific knowledge and help all people live longer, healthier lives” with the long-term objective to reduce inequities in tobacco-related cancers. This study is grounded in dissemination and implementation science best practices and may produce evidence of reductions in TRA and pro-equity effects, which may open the door for a new suite of policy tools that can promote tobacco control and health equity, especially in preempted states.