Investigating the impact of local land use and zoning policies on equitably reducing tobacco retailer availability

项目摘要/摘要 鉴于社区烟草零售商供应(TRA)中持续存在的种族主义和社会经济不平等， 减少TRA是减少烟草使用和与烟草相关的不平等的重要干预措施 疾病。为了解决TRA中的不平等问题，几个城市实施了基于许可证的政策，例如 限制可能拥有在一个社区销售烟草许可证的零售商的数量。然而，当地的 基于许可证的政策可能很难在拥有优先购买权的州实施，这禁止当地 各国政府不能制定烟草控制政策，如零售商许可证。到目前为止，有14个州抢占了当地 各国政府不得监管烟草零售许可证。俄克拉荷马州(俄克拉荷马州)是最全面的 抢占了全国各州的先机，该州对烟草零售商的许可拥有独家权力。然而， 对俄亥俄州法规的审查表明，国家并不先发制人，不对地方进行分区或 土地利用。基于用途的分区可能能够通过管理零售商所在的土地(即宗地)来减少TRA 允许或禁止销售烟草产品(例如，住宅、工业)。这种混合方法 研究(总部设在俄克拉何马城和塔尔萨)将是第一个明确评估基于用途的分区的影响 关于在全面先发制人的状态下消除TRA中的种族主义和社会经济不平等。两个人 具体目标包括：1)评估限制#年烟草零售商数量的政策的公平影响 某些区域和2)与当地主要利益攸关方接触，以确定传播的促进者和障碍 目标1的调查结果和以分区为基础的烟草控制政策的实施。我们将使用地理位置 信息系统和空间流行病学方法，以确定特定区域之间的关系， 和社区的社会人口学特征。然后，我们将模拟限制数量的策略 在某些区域内的烟草零售商，并比较在TRA观察到的邻里不平等的变化 (例如，不平等的减弱；TRA的百分比和绝对值减少)政策实施前和实施后。然后，我们将使用 半结构化访谈指南，探讨关键利益攸关方改进传播的建议 研究结果，并更好地了解促进者的观点和实施分区的障碍- 以OK的烟草控制政策为基础，重点关注关键的实施成果。这种创新和公平- 有重点的研究符合NCI的使命：支持全国范围内的癌症研究，促进科学研究 知识并帮助所有人活得更长、更健康“，其长期目标是减少 与烟草相关的癌症。这项研究以传播和实施科学最佳实践为基础 并可能产生TRA和亲股权效应减少的证据，这可能会为新的 一套能够促进烟草控制和健康公平的政策工具，特别是在被抢占的州。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Given persistent racialized and socioeconomic inequities in neighborhood tobacco retailer availability (TRA), decreasing TRA is an important intervention for decreasing inequities in tobacco use and tobacco-related disease. To address inequities in TRA, several cities have implemented licensing-based policies such as limiting the number of retailers that may possess a license to sell tobacco in a neighborhood. However, local licensing-based policies may be difficult to implement in states with preemption, which prohibits local governments from enacting tobacco control policies such as retailer licensing. To date, 14 states preempt local governments from regulating tobacco retail licensing. Oklahoma (OK) is one of the most comprehensively preempted states in the nation, and the state has exclusive authority over tobacco retailer licensing. However, an examination of OK’s statutes reveals that the state does not preempt localities from regulating zoning or land use. Use-based zoning may be able to reduce TRA by regulating the land (i.e., parcels) where retailers are permitted or prohibited from selling tobacco products (e.g., residential, industrial). This mixed-methods study (based in Oklahoma City and Tulsa) will be the first to explicitly evaluate the impacts of use-based zoning on eliminating racialized and socioeconomic inequities in TRA in a comprehensively preempted state. The two Specific Aims include: 1) Evaluate the equity impacts of policies that cap the number of tobacco retailers in certain zones and 2) Engage with local key stakeholders to identify facilitators and barriers to the dissemination of Aim 1 findings and implementation of zoning-based tobacco control policies. We will use geographic information systems and spatial epidemiology methods to identify the relationships between specific zones, TRA, and neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics. We will then simulate policies that limit the number of tobacco retailers within certain zones and compare changes in observed neighborhood inequities in TRA (e.g., weakening of inequities; percent and absolute decreases in TRA) pre- vs. post-policy. We will then use a semi-structured interview guide to explore key stakeholder recommendations for improving the dissemination of study results and to better understand perspectives on facilitators and barriers to implementing zoning- based tobacco control policies in OK, focusing on key implementation outcomes. This innovative and equity- focused study fits within NCI’s mission to “support cancer research across the nation to advance scientific knowledge and help all people live longer, healthier lives” with the long-term objective to reduce inequities in tobacco-related cancers. This study is grounded in dissemination and implementation science best practices and may produce evidence of reductions in TRA and pro-equity effects, which may open the door for a new suite of policy tools that can promote tobacco control and health equity, especially in preempted states.