Investigating the impact of local land use and zoning policies on equitably reducing tobacco retailer availability

项目概要/摘要 鉴于社区烟草零售商供应（TRA）中持续存在的种族化和社会经济不平等， 降低TRA是减少烟草使用和烟草相关不平等的重要干预措施。 疾病为了解决TRA中的不公平问题，一些城市已经实施了基于许可的政策，例如 限制拥有许可证在社区内销售烟草的零售商的数量。但当地 基于许可证的政策可能难以在有优先权的州实施，因为优先权禁止当地 政府颁布烟草控制政策，如零售商许可证。到目前为止，14个州抢占了当地 政府管制烟草零售许可。俄克拉荷马州（OK）是美国最全面的 在美国，州政府拥有烟草零售商许可证的独家权力。然而，在这方面， 对OK法规的审查表明，该州并没有预先阻止地方对分区进行管理， 土地利用基于土地的分区可能能够通过管理土地来减少TRA（即，零售商（零售商） 允许或禁止销售烟草产品（例如，住宅、工业）。这种混合方法 一项研究（基于俄克拉荷马州市和塔尔萨）将是第一个明确评估基于使用的分区的影响的研究 在全面先发制人的状态下消除TRA中的种族化和社会经济不平等。两 具体目标包括：1）评估限制烟草零售商数量的政策对公平的影响， 2）与当地主要利益相关者接触，以确定传播的促进者和障碍 目标1的调查结果和基于分区的烟草控制政策的实施。我们将使用地理 信息系统和空间流行病学方法，以确定特定区域之间的关系， TRA和邻里社会人口特征。然后，我们将模拟限制数量的政策， 的烟草零售商在某些地区，并比较变化，观察邻里不平等，在TRA (e.g.,不平等的减弱; TRA的百分比和绝对下降）政策前与政策后。然后我们将使用 半结构化访谈指南，探讨关键利益攸关方关于改进传播的建议 更好地理解对实施分区的促进者和障碍的看法- 以OK的烟草控制政策为基础，重点关注关键的实施成果。这种创新和公平- 一项集中的研究符合NCI的使命，即“支持全国范围内的癌症研究，以促进科学发展”。 知识和帮助所有人活得更长，更健康的生活”，长期目标是减少不平等， 与烟草有关的癌症本研究以传播和实施科学最佳实践为基础 并可能产生减少TRA和亲公平效应的证据，这可能为新的 一套政策工具，可以促进烟草控制和健康公平，特别是在先发制人的国家。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Given persistent racialized and socioeconomic inequities in neighborhood tobacco retailer availability (TRA), decreasing TRA is an important intervention for decreasing inequities in tobacco use and tobacco-related disease. To address inequities in TRA, several cities have implemented licensing-based policies such as limiting the number of retailers that may possess a license to sell tobacco in a neighborhood. However, local licensing-based policies may be difficult to implement in states with preemption, which prohibits local governments from enacting tobacco control policies such as retailer licensing. To date, 14 states preempt local governments from regulating tobacco retail licensing. Oklahoma (OK) is one of the most comprehensively preempted states in the nation, and the state has exclusive authority over tobacco retailer licensing. However, an examination of OK’s statutes reveals that the state does not preempt localities from regulating zoning or land use. Use-based zoning may be able to reduce TRA by regulating the land (i.e., parcels) where retailers are permitted or prohibited from selling tobacco products (e.g., residential, industrial). This mixed-methods study (based in Oklahoma City and Tulsa) will be the first to explicitly evaluate the impacts of use-based zoning on eliminating racialized and socioeconomic inequities in TRA in a comprehensively preempted state. The two Specific Aims include: 1) Evaluate the equity impacts of policies that cap the number of tobacco retailers in certain zones and 2) Engage with local key stakeholders to identify facilitators and barriers to the dissemination of Aim 1 findings and implementation of zoning-based tobacco control policies. We will use geographic information systems and spatial epidemiology methods to identify the relationships between specific zones, TRA, and neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics. We will then simulate policies that limit the number of tobacco retailers within certain zones and compare changes in observed neighborhood inequities in TRA (e.g., weakening of inequities; percent and absolute decreases in TRA) pre- vs. post-policy. We will then use a semi-structured interview guide to explore key stakeholder recommendations for improving the dissemination of study results and to better understand perspectives on facilitators and barriers to implementing zoning- based tobacco control policies in OK, focusing on key implementation outcomes. This innovative and equity- focused study fits within NCI’s mission to “support cancer research across the nation to advance scientific knowledge and help all people live longer, healthier lives” with the long-term objective to reduce inequities in tobacco-related cancers. This study is grounded in dissemination and implementation science best practices and may produce evidence of reductions in TRA and pro-equity effects, which may open the door for a new suite of policy tools that can promote tobacco control and health equity, especially in preempted states.