Beyond the Medical: The ELSI of Polygenic Scores for Social Traits

超越医学：社会特征多基因评分的 ELSI

• 批准号: 10644015
• 负责人: Rosemary Jean Cadigan
• 金额: $ 71.68万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-06-13 至 2026-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10644015
• 关键词: Address; Admission activity; Attitude; Awareness; Behavior; Behavioral; Benefits and Risks; Biological; Case Study; Complex; Consent; Consumption; Data; Databases; Development; Diabetes Mellitus; Discrimination; Disease; Disparity; Early Diagnosis; Education; Empirical Research; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Ethics; Eugenics; Genes; Genetic; Genomics; Goals; Health; Heart Diseases; Huntington Disease; Income; Individual; Inequity; Insurance Carriers; Interview; Laws; Legal; Life; Maps; Measures; Medical; Methodology; Modeling; Outcome; Paper; Participant; Perception; Policies; Policy Analysis; Policy Maker; Polygenic Traits; Population; Predictive Value; Process; Public Health; Publications; Published Comment; Regulation; Reproductive Behavior; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Role; Scanning; Scientist; Sexuality; Social Impacts; Social Justice; Social Policies; Social Sciences; Social outcome; Source; Students; Surveys; Technology; Testing; Universities; behavioral outcome; biobank; ethical, legal, and social implication; genetic predictors; genetic technology; genetic testing; genetic variant; high risk; implementation barriers; improved; legal cases; new technology; news; optimism; personalized medicine; polygenic risk score; research study; risk prediction; social; social disparities; social genomics; social interventions; social science research; stakeholder perspectives; symposium; trait; trend

7. PROJECT SUMMARY/ ABSTRACT In traditional predictive genetic testing single gene variants are analyzed to determine whether an individual is at high risk of developing a disease. The vast majority of diseases, however, are polygenic—caused by many different genes. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been heralded for their promise to predict risk for these more complex diseases like heart disease or diabetes by measuring the contribution of hundreds or thousands of genetic variants at once. Yet beyond prediction of health or medical outcomes, the realm of `sociogenomics' is developing polygenic scores (PGS) measuring genetic contributions to social traits and behavioral factors, such as income, educational attainment, sexuality, and optimism. Proponents of sociogenomic PGS cite the potential for this research to increase understanding of the interplay between genetic and environmental factors, to account for genetic factors in social science research, and to create personalized social interventions akin to personalized medicine. But others worry that sociogenomic PGS findings could lead to discrimination and an exacerbation of existing social disparities. In order to understand the ethical, legal, and social implications of sociogenomic PGS research and its outcomes, this project addresses the following research questions: 1) What are the current trends in the development of sociogenomic PGS and what are the possible applications of scores in social settings?; 2) How do various stakeholders perceive the benefits and risks of sociogenomic PGS?; and 3) How well do existing laws, policies, or governance protect against the potential harms of sociogenomic PGS while also promoting their potential benefits? Answering these questions requires both empirical research and legal analysis. Using horizon scanning methodologies, Aim 1 maps the landscape of sociogenomic PGS, their potential applications, and how sociogenomic research findings are presented to and consumed by the public. Aim 2 enlists those involved in the pipeline of sociogenomics research (biobank participants whose genetic data may be used to develop PGS, PGS researchers who develop the scores, and social scientists who may use the scores in their research studies) to examine and assess their attitudes toward the range of harms and benefits of sociogenomic PGS, and the implications of varying applications of PGS. Both of these efforts will inform Aim 3, which consists of a legal and policy analysis of how current legal rules protect against potential misuse and/or promote possible benefits of sociogenomic findings. The product of this project will be a set of case studies designed to help policy makers and researchers anticipate and mitigate the potential harms of employing sociogenomic PGS in various social settings while still identifying and maximizing potential benefits.

7. 项目概要/摘要 在传统的预测基因测试中，分析单基因变异以确定个体是否 患疾病的风险很高。然而，绝大多数疾病是多基因的——由许多因素引起 不同的基因。多基因风险评分 (PRS) 因其有望预测这些疾病的风险而受到赞誉。 通过测量数百或数千个因素的贡献来测量心脏病或糖尿病等复杂疾病 立即产生遗传变异。然而，除了预测健康或医疗结果之外，“社会基因组学”的领域还包括 开发多基因评分 (PGS)，衡量遗传对社会特征和行为因素的贡献，例如 如收入、教育程度、性取向和乐观程度。社会基因组 PGS 的支持者引用了 这项研究有可能增进对遗传与环境之间相互作用的理解 因素，在社会科学研究中考虑遗传因素，并制定个性化的社会干预措施 类似于个性化医疗。但其他人担心社会基因组 PGS 发现可能会导致歧视 以及现有社会不平等的加剧。为了了解伦理、法律和社会 社会基因组 PGS 研究及其结果的影响，该项目涉及以下研究 问题：1）目前社会基因组PGS的发展趋势是什么，有哪些可能 分数在社交场合的应用？ 2）各利益相关者如何看待项目的收益和风险 社会基因组PGS？； 3) 现有法律、政策或治理能否有效防范潜在风险 社会基因组 PGS 的危害同时也促进其潜在益处？回答这些问题需要 既有实证研究，也有法律分析。使用地平线扫描方法，目标 1 绘制景观图 社会基因组 PGS 的研究、其潜在应用以及如何将社会基因组研究结果呈现给 并被大众消费。目标 2 招募参与社会基因组学研究的人员（生物银行 其遗传数据可用于开发 PGS 的参与者、开发分数的 PGS 研究人员，以及 社会科学家可能会在他们的研究中使用这些分数）来检查和评估他们对 社会基因组 PGS 的危害和益处的范围，以及 PGS 不同应用的影响。 这两项工作都将为目标 3 提供信息，目标 3 包括对现行法律规则如何进行法律和政策分析。 防止潜在的滥用和/或促进社会基因组学研究结果可能带来的好处。的产品 该项目将是一组案例研究，旨在帮助政策制定者和研究人员预测和缓解 在各种社会环境中使用社会基因组 PGS 的潜在危害，同时仍然识别和 最大化潜在利益。