Beyond the Medical: The ELSI of Polygenic Scores for Social Traits

超越医学：社会特征多基因评分的 ELSI

• 批准号: 10644015
• 负责人: Rosemary Jean Cadigan
• 金额: $ 71.68万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-06-13 至 2026-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10644015
• 关键词: Address; Admission activity; Attitude; Awareness; Behavior; Behavioral; Benefits and Risks; Biological; Case Study; Complex; Consent; Consumption; Data; Databases; Development; Diabetes Mellitus; Discrimination; Disease; Disparity; Early Diagnosis; Education; Empirical Research; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Ethics; Eugenics; Genes; Genetic; Genomics; Goals; Health; Heart Diseases; Huntington Disease; Income; Individual; Inequity; Insurance Carriers; Interview; Laws; Legal; Life; Maps; Measures; Medical; Methodology; Modeling; Outcome; Paper; Participant; Perception; Policies; Policy Analysis; Policy Maker; Polygenic Traits; Population; Predictive Value; Process; Public Health; Publications; Published Comment; Regulation; Reproductive Behavior; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Role; Scanning; Scientist; Sexuality; Social Impacts; Social Justice; Social Policies; Social Sciences; Social outcome; Source; Students; Surveys; Technology; Testing; Universities; behavioral outcome; biobank; ethical, legal, and social implication; genetic predictors; genetic technology; genetic testing; genetic variant; high risk; implementation barriers; improved; legal cases; new technology; news; optimism; personalized medicine; polygenic risk score; research study; risk prediction; social; social disparities; social genomics; social interventions; social science research; stakeholder perspectives; symposium; trait; trend

7. PROJECT SUMMARY/ ABSTRACT In traditional predictive genetic testing single gene variants are analyzed to determine whether an individual is at high risk of developing a disease. The vast majority of diseases, however, are polygenic—caused by many different genes. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been heralded for their promise to predict risk for these more complex diseases like heart disease or diabetes by measuring the contribution of hundreds or thousands of genetic variants at once. Yet beyond prediction of health or medical outcomes, the realm of `sociogenomics' is developing polygenic scores (PGS) measuring genetic contributions to social traits and behavioral factors, such as income, educational attainment, sexuality, and optimism. Proponents of sociogenomic PGS cite the potential for this research to increase understanding of the interplay between genetic and environmental factors, to account for genetic factors in social science research, and to create personalized social interventions akin to personalized medicine. But others worry that sociogenomic PGS findings could lead to discrimination and an exacerbation of existing social disparities. In order to understand the ethical, legal, and social implications of sociogenomic PGS research and its outcomes, this project addresses the following research questions: 1) What are the current trends in the development of sociogenomic PGS and what are the possible applications of scores in social settings?; 2) How do various stakeholders perceive the benefits and risks of sociogenomic PGS?; and 3) How well do existing laws, policies, or governance protect against the potential harms of sociogenomic PGS while also promoting their potential benefits? Answering these questions requires both empirical research and legal analysis. Using horizon scanning methodologies, Aim 1 maps the landscape of sociogenomic PGS, their potential applications, and how sociogenomic research findings are presented to and consumed by the public. Aim 2 enlists those involved in the pipeline of sociogenomics research (biobank participants whose genetic data may be used to develop PGS, PGS researchers who develop the scores, and social scientists who may use the scores in their research studies) to examine and assess their attitudes toward the range of harms and benefits of sociogenomic PGS, and the implications of varying applications of PGS. Both of these efforts will inform Aim 3, which consists of a legal and policy analysis of how current legal rules protect against potential misuse and/or promote possible benefits of sociogenomic findings. The product of this project will be a set of case studies designed to help policy makers and researchers anticipate and mitigate the potential harms of employing sociogenomic PGS in various social settings while still identifying and maximizing potential benefits.

7. 项目摘要/摘要