Effects of attentional focus on speech motor control in adults who stutter with and without social evaluative threat

注意力集中对有或没有社会评价威胁的口吃成年人言语运动控制的影响

• 批准号: 10646285
• 负责人: Kimberly Bauerly
• 金额: $ 15.11万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT & ST AGRIC COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-01 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10646285
• 关键词: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Age; Age Reporting; Anxiety; Attention; Behavior; Cognitive; Communication; Conscious; Coping Skills; Cues; Data; Detection; Developmental Stuttering; Disease; Emotions; Exhibits; Foundations; Frequencies; Galvanic Skin Response; Goals; Impairment; Individual; Knowledge; Link; Lip structure; Liquid substance; Literature; Measures; Mediating; Mission; Motor; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; Needs Assessment; Outcome; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Persons; Play; Predisposition; Psychology; Public Health; Questionnaires; Recurrence; Reporting; Research; Role; Severities; Social Behavior; Social Interaction; Speech; Stress; Stuttering; Subgroup; Symptoms; System; Testing; Therapeutic; Tongue; Training; anxiety reduction; anxious; anxious individuals; clinically relevant; experience; flexibility; improved; indexing; innovation; kinematics; motor control; response; social; social anxiety; social influence; social stress; spatiotemporal; speech processing; stress reduction; stressor; therapeutic development

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The attentional focus in people who stutter (PWS) when speaking under social evaluative threat (SET) condi- tions and its effects on speech-motor control is unknown. My long-term goal is to advance treatment for PWS by supporting the need to integrate attention focus strategies in therapy in order to reduce anxiety and improve communication. The overall objectives in this application are to establish the effects of attentional shifts on speech motor control in PWS and determine how this relationship is influenced by social stress. The central hypothesis is that PWS engage a self-focus of attention when speaking under SET and this leads to a speech motor system that is more susceptible to breakdown. The rationale is that high anxious people who do not stut- ter shift to a self-focused attention when under SET and due to the high levels of anxiety reported in PWS, it is suspected that they also engage a self-focused attention when under SET. Due to their unstable articulatory coordination patterns, a self-focused attention is suspected to interfere with fluent speech. The hypothesis will be tested by pursuing three specific aims: 1) Determine the effects of cued attentional focus on articulatory control and stuttering frequency in adolescents and adults who stutter; 2) Determine the attentional focus in adolescents and adults who stutter when under SET and its effects on articulatory control and stuttering fre- quency; and 3) Determine the effects of cued attentional focus on articulatory control and stuttering frequency in adolescents and adults who stutter when speaking under SET. Under the first aim, adolescents and adults who do and do not stutter will repeat sentences under baseline, cued-internal, and cued-external attentional focus conditions. For the second aim, adolescents and adults who stutter will repeat sentences in front of an audience trained to exhibit negative, positive, or neutral behaviors. Attention will be assessed using the Detec- tion of Audience Behavior questionnaire and scores will be used to form subgroups based on attentional focus. For the third aim, adolescents and adults who stutter will repeat sentences under SET when engaging a cued- internal and – external attentional focus. Articulatory variability will be assessed using STI and RQA measures of lip aperture and posterior tongue. Number of stuttered sentences will be calculated. Age and self-reports of social anxiety will be used as covariates. Stressor effects will be assessed using skin conductance levels. The research proposed in this application is innovative because it will be the first to (i) assess whether PWS en- gage a self-focus of attention during SET, (ii) determine how changes in attentional focus affects speech motor control in PWS, (iii) include the much-needed assessment of tongue kinematics, and (iv) determine if cues to shift attention effects speech-motor control in AWS during SET conditions. The proposed project is significant because it will explain some of the inconsistencies in the literature reporting a destabilizing effect on speech- motor control in AWS when under social-cognitive demands by suggesting that attention plays a mediating role and support the development of therapeutic approaches that encourage healthy social interactions.

项目摘要/摘要 口吃者在社会评价威胁(SET)条件下说话时的注意焦点 Ttions及其对语音-运动控制的影响尚不清楚。我的长期目标是推进PWS的治疗 支持在治疗中整合注意力集中策略的必要性，以减少焦虑和改善 沟通。本应用程序的总体目标是建立注意力转移对 并确定这种关系如何受到社会压力的影响。中环 假说认为，当在SET下说话时，PWS使用自我注意力，这导致了一次演讲 发动机系统更容易发生故障。理由是高度焦虑的人不会卡住- 当SET不足时，由于PWS报告的高度焦虑，它将转移到自我集中的注意力， 怀疑他们在SET下也会进行自我集中的注意力。由于他们的发音不稳定 协调模式，自我集中的注意力被怀疑会干扰流利的演讲。这一假说将 通过追求三个具体目标来测试：1)确定线索注意力集中对发音的影响 口吃的青少年和成人的控制和口吃频率；2)决定注意力集中在 青少年和成人在SET下口吃及其对发音控制和口吃的影响 频率；3)确定线索注意焦点对发音控制和口吃频率的影响 在SET下说话时口吃的青少年和成年人。在第一个目标下，青少年和成年人 有口吃和不口吃的人会在基线、线索-内部和线索-外部注意下重复句子 聚焦条件。对于第二个目的，口吃的青少年和成年人会在一个人面前重复句子 被训练为表现出消极、积极或中立行为的观众。注意力将使用Detec- 观众行为调查问卷和评分将被用来形成基于注意力焦点的小组。 对于第三个目标，口吃的青少年和成年人在使用提示时会重复集合下的句子- 内部和外部的注意力集中。将使用STI和RQA测量来评估发音的可变性 嘴唇开口和舌头后方。结结巴巴的句子数将被计算出来。年龄和自我报告 社交焦虑将被用作协变量。应激源效应将使用皮肤电导水平进行评估。这个 本申请中提出的研究具有创新性，因为它将是第一个评估PWS是否在- 在SET过程中测量注意的自我焦点，(Ii)决定注意焦点的变化如何影响言语运动 在PWS中的控制，(3)包括非常需要的舌头运动学评估，以及(4)确定是否提示 在设定的条件下，注意力转移会影响AWS中的语音运动控制。拟议中的项目意义重大 因为它将解释文献中的一些不一致之处，这些文献报道了对言语的不稳定影响- AWS在社会认知需求下的运动控制，提示注意力起中介作用 并支持开发鼓励健康社会互动的治疗方法。