Characterizing Individuals' Cognitive Maps of their Village Social Networks

表征个人对其村庄社交网络的认知图

• 批准号: 10651157
• 负责人: NICHOLAS A CHRISTAKIS
• 金额: $ 69.79万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-06-01 至 2027-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10651157
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Affect; Age; Aging; Behavior; Characteristics; Cognitive; Data; Data Collection; Data Set; Dementia; Diffusion; Disclosure; Educational Intervention; Elderly; Elements; Fostering; Friends; Health; Honduras; Human; Impaired cognition; Individual; Life Cycle Stages; Longitudinal cohort; Maps; Measures; Methods; Mind; Participant; Pattern; Perception; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Population; Positioning Attribute; Psyche structure; Public Health; Randomized; Reporting; Rural; Schools; Social Network; Social Perception; Social intelligence; Social isolation; Social support; Structure; Time; Work; aged; cognitive load; cohort; experience; experimental study; innovation; insight; interest; male; member; mental representation; novel; peer; sex; social; social cognition; social influence; social neuroscience; social relationships

The pattern of social connections within a population (whether a school, firm, village, or online group) is mentally perceived by those embedded within it. Such “cognitive social networks” (the mental maps people make of the social world around them) are relevant to people’s social, mental, and physical well-being. More formally, a sociocentric social network defines a set of dyadic relationships between individuals in a defined population and can be represented by a 𝑁 × 𝑁 matrix A where each element Aij represents a tie between individuals i and j, e.g., reported by individual i. But individuals not only form mental representations of their own relationships, they also cognize relationships between others. For instance, an individual k may have a perception of the relationship between i and j, say, that i is a friend of j. This yields a three-dimensional network structure with entries 𝑖, 𝑗, 𝑘 ∈ 𝑁 × 𝑁 × 𝑁, where i is the “sender,” j the “receiver,” and k the “perceiver” of the relationship. Humans are innately interested in tracking relationships, despite the cognitive burden. Such knoweldge is often the basis for introductions, strategic information disclosure, and accessing social support. In an ongoing longitudinal cohort involving 24,862 people aged 12-93 in 176 villages in rural Honduras, we have mapped real, face-to-face network ties. Pertinently, we have 4,589 participants older than 50 at baseline (in 2016). Here, in new work involving an ongoing subset of 136 villages, we will assess how people form such cognitive social maps, how these maps vary, and how these perceptions might matter. We have four specific aims. In Aim 1, we ascertain the actual and perceived ties among individuals in the networks of 136 villages. We will ask each resident, in every village, about their perceptions of the connections that might exist among 40 randomly chosen other pairs of people in their village. In Aim 2, we compare the actual ties seen in village- level social networks to the ties perceived by members of the village. Our primary hypotheses are that ties geodesically further away from individuals will be assessed less accurately; that more socially connected individuals will be more accurate; and that older, male, or cognitively impaired individuals will be less accurate. In Aim 3, we assess how the accuracy of perception depends on the characteristics of the perceived tie. Our primary hypotheses are that ties between older individuals or ties involving fewer public displays of connection will be less well perceived by others. In Aim 4, taking advantage of a randomized experiment, we evaluate if being better able to accurately perceive social connections in one’s village is associated with one’s ability to spread novel information, including health information. Our primary hypothesis is that more socially perceptive individuals will have a greater ability to spread exogenously introduced information. Our results have fundamental implications not only for the social neuroscience of aging, but for a practical understanding of social isolation and whether and how social cognition can affect the spread of information and behaviors.

一个群体（无论是学校、公司、村庄还是在线群体）中的社会联系模式是 这种“认知社交网络”（心理地图， 他们周围的社会世界的组成）与人们的社会，心理和身体健康有关。更 形式上，以社会为中心的社会网络定义了一组定义的个体之间的二元关系。 并且可以由矩阵A表示，其中每个元素Aij表示𝑁𝑁 个体i和j，例如，据个别人士透露，i。但个体不仅形成了他们的心理表征， 他们既认识自己的关系，也认识他人之间的关系。例如，单个k可以具有 对i和j之间关系的感知，比如说，i是j的朋友。这产生了一个三维网络 结构，其中i是“发送者”，j是“接收者”，k是“感知者”。𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑘𝑗𝑖 关系人类天生对跟踪关系感兴趣，尽管有认知负担。等 知识往往是介绍、战略信息披露和获得社会支持的基础。在 一个正在进行的纵向队列研究，涉及洪都拉斯农村176个村庄的24，862名12-93岁的人， 绘制了真实的面对面的网络关系。相关地，我们有4，589名基线时年龄大于50岁的参与者（ 2016年）。在这里，在涉及136个村庄的正在进行的子集的新工作中，我们将评估人们如何形成这种 认知社会地图，这些地图如何变化，以及这些感知如何重要。我们有四个具体的 目标。在目标1中，我们确定了136个村庄网络中个人之间的实际和感知联系。 我们将询问每一个村庄的每一位居民，他们对可能存在的联系的看法， 40个随机选择的其他配对的人在他们的村庄。在目标2中，我们比较了在村庄中看到的实际联系- 将社交网络与村庄成员所感知的联系起来。我们的主要假设是 在测地学上距离个人越远，评估就越不准确;社会联系越紧密 个体将更准确;而老年人、男性或认知受损的个体将不太准确。 在目标3中，我们评估感知的准确性如何取决于感知领带的特征。我们 主要的假设是，老年人之间的关系或关系涉及较少的公开展示的联系 会被其他人忽略在目标4中，利用随机实验，我们评估是否 能够更好地准确地感知一个人所在村庄的社会关系， 传播新信息，包括健康信息。我们的主要假设是， 个人将具有更大的能力来传播外来引入的信息。我们的结果 不仅对衰老的社会神经科学，而且对实际理解 社会隔离以及社会认知是否以及如何影响信息和行为的传播。