Networks and Neighborhoods

描述(由申请人提供)：该计划项目涉及一套综合和创新的调查，以了解社会网络和居住社区在个人健康行为、医疗保健和健康结果中所扮演的角色。我们有两个首要目标：(1)就社会网络和当地社会环境在健康中的作用提出新的问题；(2)利用新的统计技术和利用遗传信息的社会科学中的新方法，开发回答这些问题的方法。我们将重点关注美国医疗保健方面的紧迫问题，包括心血管疾病、癌症、肥胖症、暴力和药物使用。有八个组成项目：(1)“弗雷明翰心脏研究(FHS)社会网络中健康行为的传播”调查了吸烟、饮酒、体育活动、健康饮食和体重增加在一个独特的、紧密相连的网络中的传播程度，这个网络由12,630人组成，从1971年到现在(“FHS-net”数据)；(2)“FHS-net”中的“基因作为健康行为同伴效应的工具变量”研究肥胖和吸烟的同伴效应，并利用详细的遗传信息作为工具变量；(3)“社区对弗雷明翰健康的影响和社会网络的作用”使用FHS-Net数据及其详细的地址信息来评估一个人的社会网络和居住社区对健康的相对贡献；(4)“社区对老年人癌症病程的影响”评估了来自美国各地的550,000名老年癌症患者中地理位置的影响；(5)“非正式医生网络和医疗保险受益人的护理模式”研究了由多达150,000名初级和专科医生组成的非正式网络，他们分享患者或信息，以及这些网络如何影响患者的护理；(6)《社区网络和社会机制的健康轨迹》使用PHDCN关于6,000多名儿童的数据集，以研究变化的网络和社区如何影响健康结果；(7)《公民参与和社会网络的遗传基础及其对健康的影响》，使用AddHealth数据集，及其2,030名受试者，调查社会网络和合作的遗传决定因素，以及它们在肥胖、吸烟和饮酒中的作用；和(8)《纵向社会网络数据分析方法》开发了新的统计方法，以解释网络数据的复杂的相关结构。这些项目得到三个核心的支持：一个行政核心、一个数据和统计核心以及一个初级教师发展核心。这些项目建立在彼此的基础上，揭示了临床护理、基础社会科学和卫生政策的重要方面。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This Program Project involves an integrated and innovative set of investigations into the role of social networks and residential neighborhoods in the health behaviors, health care, and health outcomes of individuals. We have two overarching goals: (1) to ask new questions about the roles of social networks and local social environments in health; and (2) to develop methods for answering such questions using new statistical techniques and using new approaches to causal inference in the social sciences that exploit genetic information. We will focus on pressing problems in health and health care in the U.S., including cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity, violence, and substance use. There are eight constituent Projects: (1) "The Spread of Health Behaviors in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Social Network" examines the extent of person-to-person spread in smoking, drinking, physical activity, healthy eating, and weight gain in a unique, densely inter-connected network of 12,630 people followed from 1971 to the present (the "FHS-Net" data); (2) "Genes as Instrumental Variables for Health Behavior Peer Effects in the FHS-Net" examines peer effects in obesity and smoking and exploits detailed genetic information as instrumental variables; (3) "Neighborhood Effects on Health in Framingham and the Role of Social Networks" uses the FHS-Net data, and its detailed address information, to evaluate the relative contribution of a person's social network and residential neighborhood to health; (4) "Neighborhood Effects on Cancer Course in the Aged" evaluates the influence of geography across the full course of cancer in 550,000 elderly patients from around the U.S.; (5) "Informal Physician Networks and Patterns of Care for Medicare Beneficiaries" examines the informal networks of up to 150,000 primary and specialist physicians that share patients or information and how these networks affect patient care; (6) "Neighborhood Networks and Social Mechanisms of Trajectories in Well Being" uses the PHDCN data set regarding over 6,000 children to examine how changing networks and neighborhoods affect health outcomes; (7) "The Genetic Basis of Civic Engagement and Social Networks and their Effect on Health" uses the AddHealth dataset, and 2,030 of its subjects, to investigate the genetic determinants of social networks and cooperation, and their role in obesity, smoking, and drinking; and (8) "Methods for the Analysis of Longitudinal Social Network Data" develops novel statistical methods to account for the complex correlational structure of network data. These projects are supported by three Cores: an Administrative Core, a Data and Statistics Core, and a Junior Faculty Development Core. The projects build on one another and shed light on important aspects of clinical care, basic social science, and health policy.