Cannabis Legalization a Decade Later: A Longitudinal Study of Teens, Young Adults, and Parents in Washington State

非医疗（娱乐）大麻使用现在在许多州是法律的。其他国家正在考虑 尽管目前关于对公共卫生的潜在影响的证据基础薄弱，但合法化仍然存在。 这项R 01提案寻求5年的资金，以了解：目标1）第一年大麻使用的变化 大麻合法化后的十年;目标2）酒精使用，尼古丁使用的变化，以及它们与 目标3）大麻使用的社会心理后果 大麻法律的背景下的变化。这些知识对于制定政策、支持努力维持艰苦的环境至关重要， 自2000年代以来，青少年大麻使用减少，并促进成年人负责任的使用。拟议 该项目以发展和物质使用的生命历程理论为基础，独特地适合于解决 陈述的目标。它继续并扩大了西雅图社会发展项目-代际 项目（SSDP-TIP），旨在了解大麻合法化对青年和父母的影响 大麻和其他药物使用（n = 426个家庭，80%居住在华盛顿州）。SSDP-TIP包括父级 从1985年开始的另一项正在进行的纵向小组研究中得出，他们最大的生物学孩子， 第二个照顾者（通常是配偶）。合法化前的七波数据（2002-2011年;平均值 2011年儿童年龄= 12岁）和三波短期合法化后数据（2015-2017年; 2017年= 18）从后代和父母是可用的。拟议的研究将增加三个额外的年度数据 在2022年，2023年和2024年与父母和后代合法化后的收集（2024年的平均后代年龄= 25岁;范围：11-36岁）。对于青春期的后代，加速纵向设计使我们能够比较 在合法化之前测量的后代与在相同年龄测量的晚出生队列的后代，但是 合法化后。这使得儿童年龄和政策效果的分离，并促进对 大麻合法化对预防的影响，其他研究不能。列入 年轻的成年后代允许检查大麻合法化对使用模式的影响， 在20多岁和30多岁早期的影响。将父母包括在内，可以对毕业后的学生进行考试， 大麻和其他毒品使用的合法化变化及其后果。SSDP-TIP是唯一 一项在华盛顿州进行的研究，从10年前开始，对青少年及其父母进行了纵向数据分析 合法化随着拟议的数据收集，它也将延伸到合法化后的12年。这 前瞻性纵向设计比大型重复横断面研究具有重要优势， 使合法化和行为变化的因果顺序， 合法化与时间或年龄，以及对人内和人与人之间变化的研究。调查结果将告知 努力预防未成年人和有问题的大麻、烟草和酒精使用的时机，并帮助澄清 大麻合法化背景下的公共卫生影响。

Nonmedical (recreational) cannabis use is now legal in many states. Additional states are considering legalization, despite the weakness of the current evidence base regarding potential impacts on public health. This R01 proposal seeks 5 years of funding to understand: Aim 1) changes in cannabis use across the first decade following cannabis legalization; Aim 2) changes in alcohol use, nicotine use, and their co-use with cannabis following cannabis legalization; and Aim 3) whether psychosocial consequences of cannabis use change in a legal cannabis context. This knowledge is critical to inform policy, support efforts to maintain hard- won reductions in teen cannabis use since the 2000s, and promote responsible use by adults. The proposed project is grounded in life course theories of development and substance use, and uniquely suited to address stated goals. It continues and expands upon the Seattle Social Development Project-The Intergenerational Project (SSDP-TIP), which aims to understand the impact of cannabis legalization on youth and parent cannabis and other drug use (n = 426 families, 80% living in Washington State). SSDP-TIP includes a parent drawn from another ongoing longitudinal panel study that began in 1985, their oldest biological child, and a second caregiver (usually the spouse) when available. Seven waves of pre-legalization data (2002-2011; mean child age in 2011 = 12) and three waves of short-term post-legalization data (2015-2017; mean child age in 2017 = 18) from offspring and parents are available. The proposed study will add three additional annual data collections post-legalization in 2022, 2023, and 2024 with parents and offspring (mean offspring age in 2024 = 25; range: 11-36 years). For adolescent offspring, the accelerated longitudinal design allows us to compare offspring measured before legalization to offspring from later birth cohorts measured at the same ages, but after legalization. This permits the disentangling of child age and policy effects, and facilitates understanding of the implications of cannabis legalization for prevention in ways that other studies cannot. The inclusion of young adult offspring allows examination of the impact of cannabis legalization on patterns of use and consequences across the 20s and into the early 30s. The inclusion of parents permits examination of post- legalization changes in cannabis and other drug use and consequences across the 40s. SSDP-TIP is the only study in Washington State with longitudinal data from youth and their parents beginning 10 years before legalization. With the proposed data collections, it will also stretch to 12 years post-legalization. This prospective, longitudinal design provides important advantages over large, repeated cross sectional studies by enabling causal ordering of legalization and changes in behavior, disentanglement of change due to legalization versus time or age, and study of both within- and between-person change. Findings will inform the timing of efforts to prevent underage and problematic cannabis, tobacco, and alcohol use and help to clarify public health impacts in the context of cannabis legalization.