NeuR3o-LOGIC

因果问题是科学的核心。然而，认知偏见和逻辑谬误是主要来源 在所有学科的因果关系研究中的错误。几十年来，大多数有抱负的年轻科学家， 研究生培训以及有经验的从业人员在继续教育尚未正式 培训-而不是导师为中心的方法-在研究实践的哲学基础， 包括因果推理。相反，科学教育受到流行文化的强烈影响， 在科学的第一原则方面，重视专业学科知识而不是健全的教育。 拟议的NeuR 3 o-LOGIC学习单元将强调对因果问题的批判性思维， 通过神经科学在肠-脑轴界面的例子，一个明示的话题，每一个 人类所能理解的。灵感来自我们在R3中“像我们做科学一样教科学”的经验 研究生科学计划和约翰霍普金斯布隆伯格公共卫生学院，我们处理这个问题 从声音错误分析的角度对复杂的话题进行了分析。在我们对“三个R”的承诺的推动下， 科学实践--严谨性、再现性和责任性，这三个方面决定了R3计划的名称-- 拟议中的METER项目将使学习者能够认识到科学在哪里会出错， 因果关系的领域由肠道微生物组交叉点的具体研究实例支持 和神经系统，NeuR 3 o-LOGIC单元将为学习者提供使用 结构化的错误分析和减少方法，使基本思想之间的联系， 逻辑和认识论以及自闭症谱系障碍等重大公共卫生问题 神经系统疾病 拟议的工作确实是对现有和正在进行的联邦资助项目的补充，但并不与这些项目重叠 教育奖学金的有效性R3计划培训的道德决策和数据 科学技能（NSF-IGE Award #1955062; R25 Award #R25AI159447; T32的行政补充 奖励编号T32 AI 007417）。 第一个项目年将集中在设计，生产，进度监控和初始质量 NeuR 3 o-LOGIC项目团队内部的改进，与中心的定期沟通将确保 目标和目的的一致性。拟议项目的第二年和第三年将致力于 与中心密切协调，开展有组织和协调的项目评价和修订活动， 指导委员会，以及合作实践社区中的METER获奖者网络。

Causal questions are at the heart of science. Yet, cognitive biases and logical fallacies are major sources of error in causal research across all disciplines. For decades, most aspiring young scientists, those in post-graduate training as well as experienced practitioners in continuing education have not been formally trained – as opposed to a mentor-focused approach - in the philosophical foundations of research practice, including causal reasoning. Instead, science education is strongly influenced by the prevailing culture of valuing specialized subject matter knowledge over sound education in the first principles of science. The proposed NeuR3o-LOGIC learning unit will emphasize critical thinking on causal questions, illustrated by examples from the neurosciences at the interface of the gut-brain axis, an ostensive topic that every human being can relate to. Inspired by our experiences of ‘teaching science like we do science’ in the R3 Graduate Science Program and the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, we approach this complex topic from the angle of sound error analysis. Driven by our commitment to the three ‘R’s of good scientific practice – Rigor, Reproducibility, and Responsibility, which inform the R3 Program’s name – the proposed METER project will put the learner into a position to recognize where science can go wrong in the realm of causation. Supported by tangible research examples at the intersection of the gut microbiome and the nervous system, the NeuR3o-LOGIC unit will provide the learner with opportunities to employ a structured error analysis and reduction approach to make connections between fundamental thinking in logic and epistemology and major public health issues such as autism spectrum disorders and other neurological conditions. The proposed work does complement, yet not overlap with existing and ongoing, federally funded projects of educational scholarship on the effectiveness of R3 Program training in ethical decision making and data science skills (NSF-IGE Award #1955062; R25 Award #R25AI159447; administrative supplement on T32 Award #T32AI007417). While the first project year will be focused on the design, production, progress monitoring, and initial quality improvement within the NeuR3o-LOGIC project team, regular communication with CENTER will ensure the alignment of goals and objectives. Years two and three of the proposed project will be dedicated towards structured and coordinated project evaluation and revision activities in close coordination with CENTER, the steering committee, and the network of METER awardees in a collaborative community of practice.