Net Worth Poverty and Children's Development

净资产贫困与儿童发展

• 批准号: 10524469
• 负责人: LISA A GENNETIAN
• 金额: $ 24.15万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-03 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10524469
• 关键词: Address; Affect; African American; Age; Attention; Behavioral; Black race; Censuses; Child; Child Development; Child Health; Child Welfare; Childhood; Cognitive; Collaborations; Data; Development; Economics; Effectiveness; Family; Foundations; Future; Growth; Hispanic; Household; Income; Income Tax; Investigation; Investments; Knowledge; Least-Squares Analysis; Life; Link; Measures; Modeling; Outcome; Personal Satisfaction; Play; Police; Policies; Poverty; Problem behavior; Randomized Controlled Trials; Recording of previous events; Research; Resources; Risk; Role; Security; Signal Transduction; Social Class; Social Policies; Sum; Supplementation; Surveys; Taxes; Testing; United States; Variant; Work; achievement test; base; behavioral outcome; cognitive development; deprivation; design; ethnic difference; experience; falls; health economics; improved; innovation; large scale data; models and simulation; neglect; panel study of income dynamics; poverty reduction; racial and ethnic; racial and ethnic disparities; racial difference; racial disparity; social exclusion

1 Project Summary (limit 30 lines) 2 In the United States, economic precarity for children has been narrowly defined in terms of 3 income poverty (IP), which overlooks the large share of children who are at risk because their 4 families are net worth poor. Net worth poverty (NWP) refers to households whose net worth 5 (assets less debts) is less than one-fourth of the federal poverty. NWP is pervasive among 6 households with children (child households), as 35% of child households were net worth poor in 7 2019, with higher fractions of NWP among African American (57%) and Hispanic (50%) child 8 households. Three-fourths of child households who are net worth poor are not income poor and 9 the associations between NWP and child developmental outcomes are unlikely to be 10 attributable to IP. We propose that a narrow focus on IP ignores the potential risk faced by 11 children who are net worth poor, overlooks how NWP contributes to racial and ethnic gaps in 12 child well-being, and that policies that are income-centric will be limited in their effectiveness if 13 they do not also address NWP. This innovative research seeks to: 1) identify if NWP is 14 associated with children's cognitive and behavioral outcomes, and if NWP operates 15 independently of IP; 2) investigate how racial and ethnic disparities in NWP are associated with 16 racial and ethnic disparities in children's cognitive and behavioral outcomes; and 3) examine 17 how the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) alleviates NWP and its attendant negative 18 consequences on child well-being. Data come from the 1994-2019 Panel Study of Income 19 Dynamics (PSID) and its Child Development Survey (CDSS). In addition to growth curve 20 models, the project employs two-stage least squares to produce quasi-experimental estimates 21 of the effect of EITC on NWP and child outcomes and Agent Based Models (ABMs), a 22 simulation modeling approach to explore “what if” scenarios. Models will be conducted 23 separately by child age to investigate if associations vary by developmental stage. This project 24 advances knowledge by analyzing the unique risks posed by wealth deprivation and evaluating 25 their consequences for the well-being of African American and Hispanic children. Our work also 26 lays the foundation for a randomized control trial that would test the NWP-reducing effects of 27 cash and asset transfers. In sum, we contribute social and policy knowledge to an overlooked 28 component of economic deprivation, delineate the potential consequence of wealth deprivation 29 for racial and ethnic gaps in child well-being and inform ongoing policy efforts as to how 30 economic-resource centered policies and practices can enhance the well-being of children.

1项目摘要（限30行） 2在美国，儿童的经济不稳定性被狭义地定义为： 3收入贫困（IP），它忽略了大部分处于风险中的儿童，因为他们的收入 四是贫困家庭。净资产贫困（NWP）是指家庭净资产 5（资产减去债务）不到联邦贫困人口的四分之一。NWP在 6个有子女的家庭（儿童家庭），因为35%的儿童家庭在2009年是净资产贫困家庭。 2019年7月7日，非裔美国人（57%）和西班牙裔（50%）儿童的NWP比例较高 8户人家四分之三的净资产贫困儿童家庭并非收入贫困， NWP和儿童发育结果之间的关联不太可能是 10个属于IP。我们认为，对知识产权的狭隘关注忽视了 11名净资产贫困的儿童，忽视了NWP如何在种族和民族差距方面做出贡献。 12儿童福利，以收入为中心的政策的有效性将受到限制， 13他们也不处理NWP。这项创新的研究旨在：1）确定NWP是否是 14与儿童的认知和行为结果有关，如果NWP运作， 15独立于IP; 2）调查NWP中的种族和民族差异如何与 儿童认知和行为结果的16种种族和民族差异; 3）检查 17所得税抵免（EITC）如何计算NWP及其伴随的负面影响 18对孩子的影响数据来自1994-2019年收入小组研究 19《动态》及其儿童发展调查。除了生长曲线 20个模型，该项目采用两阶段最小二乘法产生准实验估计 EITC对NWP和儿童结局的影响以及基于代理的模型（ABMs），a 22模拟建模的方法来探索“如果”的情况。模型将进行 23分别按儿童年龄调查，如果协会不同的发展阶段。这个项目 24通过分析财富剥夺带来的独特风险和评估 25他们对非洲裔美国人和西班牙裔儿童的福祉的后果。我们的工作还 26为随机对照试验奠定了基础，该试验将测试 27项现金和资产转移。总而言之，我们为一个被忽视的社会和政策知识贡献力量。 28经济匮乏的组成部分，描述财富匮乏的潜在后果 29儿童福祉方面的种族和族裔差距，并为正在进行的政策努力提供信息， 30以经济资源为中心的政策和做法可以提高儿童的福祉。