Net Worth Poverty and Children's Development

净资产贫困与儿童发展

• 批准号: 10676192
• 负责人: LISA A GENNETIAN
• 金额: $ 20.13万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-03 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10676192
• 关键词: Address; Affect; African American; Age; Attention; Behavioral; Black race; Censuses; Child; Child Development; Child Health; Child Welfare; Childhood; Cognitive; Collaborations; Data; Development; Disparity; Economics; Effectiveness; Ethnic Origin; Family; Foundations; Future; Growth; Hispanic; Household; Income; Income Tax; Investigation; Investments; Knowledge; Least-Squares Analysis; Life; Link; Measures; Modeling; Outcome; Personal Satisfaction; Play; Police; Policies; Poverty; Problem behavior; Qualifying; Quasi-experiment; Race; Randomized, Controlled Trials; Recording of previous events; Research; Resources; Risk; Role; Security; Signal Transduction; Social Class; Supplementation; Surveys; Taxes; Testing; United States; Variant; Work; achievement test; behavioral outcome; cognitive development; deprivation; design; ethnic difference; ethnic disparity; experience; falls; health economics; improved; innovation; large scale data; models and simulation; neglect; panel study of income dynamics; poverty reduction; racial difference; racial disparity; social; social exclusion

1 Project Summary (limit 30 lines) 2 In the United States, economic precarity for children has been narrowly defined in terms of 3 income poverty (IP), which overlooks the large share of children who are at risk because their 4 families are net worth poor. Net worth poverty (NWP) refers to households whose net worth 5 (assets less debts) is less than one-fourth of the federal poverty. NWP is pervasive among 6 households with children (child households), as 35% of child households were net worth poor in 7 2019, with higher fractions of NWP among African American (57%) and Hispanic (50%) child 8 households. Three-fourths of child households who are net worth poor are not income poor and 9 the associations between NWP and child developmental outcomes are unlikely to be 10 attributable to IP. We propose that a narrow focus on IP ignores the potential risk faced by 11 children who are net worth poor, overlooks how NWP contributes to racial and ethnic gaps in 12 child well-being, and that policies that are income-centric will be limited in their effectiveness if 13 they do not also address NWP. This innovative research seeks to: 1) identify if NWP is 14 associated with children's cognitive and behavioral outcomes, and if NWP operates 15 independently of IP; 2) investigate how racial and ethnic disparities in NWP are associated with 16 racial and ethnic disparities in children's cognitive and behavioral outcomes; and 3) examine 17 how the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) alleviates NWP and its attendant negative 18 consequences on child well-being. Data come from the 1994-2019 Panel Study of Income 19 Dynamics (PSID) and its Child Development Survey (CDSS). In addition to growth curve 20 models, the project employs two-stage least squares to produce quasi-experimental estimates 21 of the effect of EITC on NWP and child outcomes and Agent Based Models (ABMs), a 22 simulation modeling approach to explore “what if” scenarios. Models will be conducted 23 separately by child age to investigate if associations vary by developmental stage. This project 24 advances knowledge by analyzing the unique risks posed by wealth deprivation and evaluating 25 their consequences for the well-being of African American and Hispanic children. Our work also 26 lays the foundation for a randomized control trial that would test the NWP-reducing effects of 27 cash and asset transfers. In sum, we contribute social and policy knowledge to an overlooked 28 component of economic deprivation, delineate the potential consequence of wealth deprivation 29 for racial and ethnic gaps in child well-being and inform ongoing policy efforts as to how 30 economic-resource centered policies and practices can enhance the well-being of children.

1个项目摘要（限制30行） 2在美国，根据 3收入贫困（IP），它忽略了处于危险之中的大量儿童 4个家庭净值很差。净值贫困（NWP）是指净资产的家庭 5（资产较少）少于联邦贫困的四分之一。 NWP无处不在 有6个有孩子的家庭（儿童家庭），因为35％的儿童家庭净值很差 2019年7月7日，非裔美国人（57％）和西班牙裔（50％）的NWP的分数较高 8个家庭。净值较差的四分之三的儿童家庭不是收入贫穷， 9 NWP和儿童发展成果之间的关联不太可能是 10归因于IP。我们建议，对IP的关注狭窄，忽略了面临的潜在风险 11个净值差的孩子，忽略了NWP如何促进种族和种族差距 12个儿童福祉，如果以收入为中心的政策将受到限制，如果 13他们也没有解决NWP。这项创新的研究试图：1）确定NWP是否是 14与儿童的认知和行为成果相关，如果NWP运作 15独立于IP； 2）研究NWP中的种族和种族分布如何与 16儿童认知和行为结果的种族和种族差异； 3）检查 17赚取的所得税抵免（EITC）如何减轻NWP及其随之负的负面 18对儿童福祉的后果。数据来自1994 - 2019年收入小组研究 19个动力学（PSID）及其儿童发展调查（CDSS）。除了增长曲线 20型型号，项目员工两阶段最小二乘，以产生准实验估计 EITC对NWP和儿童结果和基于代理的模型（ABM）的影响21，A 22仿真建模方法探索“如果”方案。将进行模型 23分别按儿童年龄调查是否因发育阶段是否有所不同。这个项目 24进步通过分析财富剥夺和评估带来的独特风险知道 25他们对非裔美国人和西班牙裔儿童的福祉的后果。我们的工作也是如此 26为一项随机控制试验奠定了基础，该试验将测试NWP还原效应 27现金和资产转移。总而言之，我们为被忽视的社会和政策知识做出了贡献 28经济剥夺的组成部分，描述财富剥夺的潜在后果 29在儿童福祉中​​的种族和种族差距，并告知正在进行的政策努力 30个以经济资源为中心的政策和实践可以增强儿童的福祉。